Apertium

Apertium

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Stable release	3.2 / September 21, 2010 (2010-09-21)
Written in	C++
Operating system	POSIX compatible
Available in	Multilingual
Type	Machine translation
License	GNU General Public License
Website	www.apertium.org

Apertium is a rule-based machine translation platform. It is free software and released under the terms of the GNU General Public License.

History

Apertium originated as one of the machine translation engines in the project OpenTrad, which was funded by the Spanish government, and developed by the Transducens research group at the University of Alicante. It was originally designed to translate between closely related languages, although it has recently been expanded to treat more divergent language pairs. To create a new machine translation system, one just has to develop linguistic data (dictionaries, rules) in well-specified XML formats.

Language data developed for it (in collaboration with the Universidade de Vigo, the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and the Universitat Pompeu Fabra) currently support (in stable version) the Aragonese, Asturian, Basque, Breton, Bulgarian, Catalan, Danish, English, Esperanto, French, Galician, Icelandic, Italian, Macedonian, Norwegian (Bokmål and Nynorsk), Occitan, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish and Welsh languages. A full list is available below. Several companies are also involved in the development of Apertium, including Prompsit Language Engineering, Imaxin Software and Eleka Ingeniaritza Linguistikoa.

Apertium is a shallow-transfer machine translation system, which uses finite state transducers for all of its lexical transformations, and hidden Markov models for part-of-speech tagging or word category disambiguation. Constraint Grammar taggers are also used for some language pairs (e.g. Breton-French).

The project has taken part in the 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 editions of Google Summer of Code and the 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 editions of Google Code-In.

Language pairs

List of currently stable language pairs, hover over the language codes to see the languages that they represent.

	ar	an	ast	eu	br	bg	ca	da	en	eo	fr	gl	is	id	it	mk	ms	mt	sme	nb	nn	oc	pt	ro	es	sv	cy
Arabic	—	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (←)	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Aragonese	No	—	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (⇄)	No	No
Asturian	No	No	—	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (⇄)	No	No
Basque	No	No	No	—	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (→)	No	No
Breton	No	No	No	No	—	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (→)	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Bulgarian	No	No	No	No	No	—	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (⇄)	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Catalan	No	No	No	No	No	No	—	No	Yes (⇄)	Yes (→)	Yes (⇄)	No	No	No	Yes (←)	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (⇄)	Yes (⇄)	No	Yes (⇄)	No	No
Danish	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	—	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (←)	No
English	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (⇄)	No	—	Yes (⇄)	No	Yes (⇄)	Yes (←)	No	No	Yes (←)	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (⇄)	No	Yes (←)
Esperanto	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (←)	No	Yes (⇄)	—	Yes (←)	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (←)	No	No
French	No	No	No	No	Yes (←)	No	Yes (⇄)	No	No	Yes (→)	—	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (⇄)	No	No
Galician	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (⇄)	No	No	—	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (⇄)	No	Yes (⇄)	No	No
Icelandic	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (→)	No	No	No	—	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Indonesian	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	—	No	No	Yes (→)	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Italian	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (→)	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	—	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Macedonian	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (⇄)	No	No	Yes (→)	No	No	No	No	No	No	—	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Malaysian	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (←)	No	No	—	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Maltese	Yes (→)	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	—	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
North Sami	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	—	Yes (→)	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Norwegian (Bokmål)	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (←)	—	Yes (⇄)	No	No	No	No	No	No
Norwegian (Nynorsk)	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (⇄)	—	No	No	No	No	No	No
Occitan	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (⇄)	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	—	No	No	Yes (⇄)	No	No
Portuguese	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (⇄)	No	No	No	No	Yes (⇄)	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	—	No	Yes (⇄)	No	No
Romanian	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	—	Yes (←)	No	No
Spanish	No	Yes (⇄)	Yes (⇄)	Yes (←)	No	No	Yes (⇄)	No	Yes (⇄)	Yes (→)	Yes (⇄)	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (⇄)	Yes (⇄)	Yes (←)	—	No	No
Swedish	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (→)	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	—	No
Welsh	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (→)	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	—

See also

• Comparison of machine translation applications
• List of natural language processing toolkits
• Moses
• OpenLogos
• Machine translation
• Matxin

References

• Corbí-Bellot, M. et al. (2005) "An open-source shallow-transfer machine translation engine for the romance languages of Spain" in Proceedings of the European Association for Machine Translation, 10th Annual Conference, Budapest 2005, pp. 79–86
• Armentano-Oller, C. et al. (2006) "Open-source Portuguese-Spanish machine translation" in Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3960 [Computational Processing of the Portuguese Language, Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Computational Processing of Written and Spoken Portuguese, PROPOR 2006], p 50-59.

External links

• Apertium home
• Apertium Wiki
• OpenTrad
• Apertium on SourceForge.net

• http://sourceforge.net/projects/apertium/files/apertium/3.2/