Archosauromorpha

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Archosauromorphs
Temporal range: LopingianPresent,[1]
254.7–0 Ma
Trilophosaurus Buettneri.jpg
Mounted skeleton of a primitive archosauromorph (Trilophosaurus buettneri)
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Sauria
Clade: Archosauromorpha
von Huene, 1946
Subgroups
Synonyms

Archelosauria?

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Archosauromorpha (Greek for "ruling lizard forms") is an infraclass of diapsid reptiles that first appeared during the late Permian and became more common during the Triassic. It was defined by Jacques Gauthier, Arnold G. Kluge and Timothy Rowe (1988) as the group containing "archosaurs [i.e. Crocodylia, dinosaurs, birds, and several extinct orders] and all other saurians that are closer to archosaurs (s.s.) than they are to lepidosaurs (s.s.)" [i.e. tuataras, lizards, and snakes].[2] In a later publication, Michel Laurin (1991) defined Archosauromorpha as the clade containing the most recent common ancestor of Prolacerta, Trilophosaurus, Hyperodapedon and archosaurs and all its descendants;[3] David Dilkes (1998) formulated a more inclusive definition of Archosauromorpha, defining it as the clade containing Protorosaurus and all other saurians that are more closely related to Protorosaurus than to Lepidosauria.[4]

Included in this infraclass are the groups Rhynchosauria, Trilophosauridae, Prolacertiformes and Archosauriformes. While superficially these reptiles vary in appearance (at one time they were even included in different subclasses – the trilophosaurs were considered euryapsids and the rhynchosaurs were considered lepidosaurs and were included in the same order as the tuatara), they are actually united by a number of small skeletal and skull-related details that suggest they form a clade that descended from a single common ancestor. Additional groups with uncertain phylogenetic position that are included in Archosauromorpha by some authors (and excluded from it by others) are Choristodera, drepanosaurs,[4] thalattosaurs, ichthyopterygians, sauropterygians[5][6][7] and turtles.[8]

Of the taxa mentioned above, rhynchosaurs, trilophosaurs and prolacertiforms died out at or before the end-Triassic extinction. The choristoderans continued as a minor group until the Miocene, and the Archosauriformes were important factors in early Triassic environments before giving rise to the even more successful Archosauria.

Phylogeny

Below is a cladogram modified from the analysis by Sues (2003). It was provided with the original description of Teraterpeton. Like in other recent analyses, Prolacertiformes was recovered as polyphyletic, and was therefore replaced by Protorosauria.[9]



Lepidosauromorpha


 Archosauromorpha 
 Choristodera 

Lazarussuchus




Champsosaurus



Cteniogenys





 Protorosauria 

Protorosaurus



 Drepanosauridae 

Drepanosaurus



Megalancosaurus



 Tanystropheidae 

Macrocnemus




Langobardisaurus



Tanystropheus







 Trilophosauria 

Teraterpeton



Trilophosaurus




 Rhynchosauria 

Mesosuchus




Howesia




Rhynchosaurus




Stenaulorhynchus




Teyumbaita



Hyperodapedon









Prolacerta


 Archosauriformes 

Proterosuchus



Euparkeria









The cladogram shown below follows the most likely result found by an analysis of turtle relationships using both fossil and genetic evidence by M.S. Lee, in 2013.[10]



Lepidosauromorpha


 Archosauromorpha (=Archelosauria


<templatestyles src="Noitalic/styles.css"/>Choristodera





<templatestyles src="Noitalic/styles.css"/>Trilophosaurus



<templatestyles src="Noitalic/styles.css"/>Rhynchosauria




Archosauriformes




 Pantestudines 

<templatestyles src="Noitalic/styles.css"/>Eosauropterygia




<templatestyles src="Noitalic/styles.css"/>Placodontia




<templatestyles src="Noitalic/styles.css"/>Sinosaurosphargis




<templatestyles src="Noitalic/styles.css"/>Odontochelys


 Testudinata 

<templatestyles src="Noitalic/styles.css"/>Proganochelys



Testudines









References

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  7. http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G331/lectures/331vertsII.html
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External links