Malha

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"Malcha" redirects here. For the village in Iran, see Malcha, Iran.
View of Malha, 2007

Malha (Hebrew: מלחה‎) is a neighborhood in southwest Jerusalem, between Pat and Kiryat Hayovel. Before 1948, Malha was a Palestinian Arab village known as al-Maliha (Arabic: المالحه‎‎). The official Hebrew name of the neighborhood is Manahat (Hebrew: מנחת‎) named for the biblical town of Manahath, but residents of Jerusalem continue to call it Malha.

History

Maliha
Arabic المالحه
Name meaning The salt-pan[1]
Subdistrict Jerusalem
Palestine grid 167/129
Population 1,940[2] (1948[3])
Area 13,449 Arab owned[2] dunams
Date of depopulation 21 April 1948, 15 July 1948[4]
Cause(s) of depopulation Influence of nearby town's fall
Secondary cause Military assault by Yishuv forces

In 1596, al-Maliha was part of the Ottoman Empire, nahiya (subdistrict) of Jerusalem under the Liwa of Jerusalem, with a population of 286. It paid taxes on wheat, barley, and olive and fruit trees, goats and beehives.[5]

In the late 1870s the village was described as being of moderate size, standing high on a flat ridge. To the south was Ayn Yalu.[6]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Malhah had a population 1,038, all Muslims,[7] increasing in the 1931 census to 1,410; 1,402 Muslims and 8 Christians, in a total of 299 houses.[8]

In 1945 the population of Malha was 1,940, all Arabs, and the total land area was 6,828 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[2] Of the land, a total of 2,618 dunams were plantations and irrigable land and 1,259 were for cereals,[9] while a total of 328 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[10]

1948

In the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the village of al-Maliha, with a population of 2,250, was occupied as part of the battle for south Jerusalem.[11] In the early part of the war, Al-Maliha, along with al-Qastal, Sur Baher and Deir Yassin, signed non-aggression pacts with the Haganah.[12] On April 12, 1948, in the wake of the Deir Yassin Massacre, villagers from al Maliha, Qaluniya and Beit Iksa began to flee in panic.[13] The Irgun attacked Malha in early morning hours of July 14, 1948. Several hours later, the Palestinian Arabs launched a counter-attack and seized one of the fortified positions. When Irgun reinforcements arrived, the Palestinians retreated and Malha was in Jewish control, but 17 Irgun fighters were killed and many wounded.[citation needed] The Arab inhabitants fled to Bethlehem, which remained under Jordanian control. The depopulated homes were occupied by Jewish refugees from Middle Eastern countries, mainly Iraq. Some of the land in Malha had been purchased before the establishment of the state by the Valero family, a family of Sephardi Jews that owned large amounts of property in Jerusalem and environs.[14]

After 1948

The first Palestinian fedayeen raid in Israel took place in November 1951 in Malha when a woman, Leah Festinger, was killed by infiltrators from Shuafat, at the time part of Jordan.[15]

Today

The Jerusalem Technology Park in Malha

Under the aegis of the Jerusalem Municipality, the neighborhood was modernised and a large housing development was established on the nearby hill and its eastern slopes. At the bottom of the hill are the Malha Shopping Mall, Teddy Stadium, and the Jerusalem Malha Railway Station. Malha is now considered an upscale neighborhood. Schools include a vocational high school (ORT) and an elementary school, the Shalom School. The Jerusalem Technology Park houses many companies, including some high-tech start-ups as well as international media offices.[16] The Jerusalem Biblical Zoo and Malha Basketball Arena are also located in Malha.

File:Teddy stadium, Jerusalem.JPG
Teddy Stadium
Malha Mall
Jerusalem Malha Railway Station

Archaeology

Archaeological excavations in the area in 1987-1990 unearthed two large Bronze Age agricultural villages, built one above the other, believed to have been Manahat, a Canaanite town on the northern border of the Tribe of Judah (Joshua 15:59).[17] The remains of the village have been preserved in the Biblical Zoo.[17]

See also

References

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Bibliography

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  • Rogers, Mary Eliza (1865): Domestic Life in Palestine

External links

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ar:المالحة

  1. ↑ Palmer, 1881, p. 322
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 57
  3. ↑ Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics Depopulated Jerusalem Localities of the year 1948 by Selected Variables
  4. ↑ Morris, 2004, p. xx, village #361. Also gives the cause for depopulation
  5. ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 118. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 304
  6. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, III:21. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p.304
  7. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 14
  8. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 41
  9. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 103
  10. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 153
  11. ↑ Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
  12. ↑ Morris, 2004, pp. 75, 91
  13. ↑ Morris, 2004, p. 239
  14. ↑ Sephardi entrepreneurs in Jerusalem: The Valero family, 1800-1948, Joseph B. Glass, Ruth Kark
  15. ↑ Ynet Encyclopedia
  16. ↑ Malha Technological Centre
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Nahal Refa-im - Canaanite Bronze Age villages near
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