Ceratophrys
| Ceratophrys | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Ceratophrys cranwelli | |
Scientific classification  |
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Ceratophryidae |
| Genus: | Ceratophrys Wied-Neuwied, 1824 |
| Species | |
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see text |
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Ceratophrys is a genus of frogs in the family Ceratophryidae. They are also known as South American horned frogs as well as Pacman frogs due to their characteristically large mouth and abdomen, thus resembling the video game character Pac-Man.
Contents
Species
There are eight species:[1][2]
- Ceratophrys aurita (Raddi, 1823) – Brazilian horned frog or Wied's frog
- Ceratophrys calcarata Boulenger, 1890 – Colombian horned frog
- Ceratophrys cornuta (Linnaeus, 1758) – Surinam horned frog
- Ceratophrys cranwelli Barrio, 1980 – Cranwell's horned frog
- Ceratophrys joazeirensis Mercadal de Barrio, 1986 – Joazeiro horned frog
- Ceratophrys ornata (Bell, 1843) – Argentine horned frog
- Ceratophrys stolzmanni Steindachner, 1882 – Stolzmann's horned frog
- Ceratophrys testudo Andersson, 1945 – Ecuador horned frog
Gender differentiation
The female frog will not "chirp" or "croak" as often as males, but do sometimes. Males frequently have spotted chests, and at about a year old the males develop spots on their "pads" or "fingers." Males will also sometimes have subtle pads on their front legs during mating season.
Care in captivity
In captivity, C. cranwelli, C. ornata and C. cornuta are the most popular species. These frogs can live in a 10-gallon aquarium for their entire lives. They thrive best with a shallow bowl of water, loose moist substrate (like coco coir), and hiding places. They will commonly cover themselves with substrate or just sit contentedly in the water. These frogs should be misted daily to ensure proper humidity. Temperatures should be maintained between 75° and 80° Fahrenheit (24° to 27° Celsius) during the day, dropping a few degrees at night. They can be fed crickets, earthworms, silkworms, phoenix worms, butterworms, and occasionally guppies, mice, and waxworms. Mealworms and superworms should not be fed to them, due to their hard chitinous shell.
Lifespan
The average lifespan of a Ceratophrys frog in the wild varies between 1 and 4 years, though in captivity and as pets, depending on diet, they may live 6 to 10 years and even longer.
Diet
They are voracious eaters, often eating insects, small mammals (such as mice), fish, other frogs, and small reptiles. A fully grown female Argentine Horned Frog (females are generally larger than males) can easily eat a grown rat.
These frogs are also known to be cannibalistic, and have been known to eat their mates, even if they are larger than they are. It is advisable to isolate multiple frogs.
Although these frogs can swallow animals almost half their size, they sometimes attempt to eat things larger than they are. A row of sharp bony projections in their upper jaw makes it nearly impossible for them to release prey after taking it in their mouth, in some cases leading to death by choking.
Example Photographs
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Argentine horned frog (Ceratophrys ornata).jpg
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Ceratophrys ornata -
Ceratophrys ornata (Pacman Frog).JPG
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Cornuta side view web.jpg
Ceratophrys cornuta
skeleton -
Ceratophrys cornuta
skeleton
