Saponaria
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| Saponaria ocymoides | |
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Saponaria
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| Species | |
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30-40, see text |
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Saponaria is a genus of flowering plants in the pink family, Caryophyllaceae. They are native to Europe and Asia, and are commonly known as soapworts.[1]
They are herbaceous perennials and annuals, some with woody bases. The flowers are abundant, five-petalled and usually in shades of pink[2] or white.[1]
The most familiar species might be common soapwort (S. officinalis), which is native to Eurasia but is known in much of the world as an introduced species, often a weed, and sometimes a cultivated ornamental plant.[1] The genus name Saponaria derives from the Latin saponis ("soap") and -aria ("pertaining to sap"),[1] and at least one species, S. officinalis, has been used to make soap.[3] It contains saponins, and a liquid soap could be produced by soaking the leaves in water.[1]
The genus is closely related to Lychnis and Silene, being distinguished from these by having only two (not three or five) styles in the flower.[2] It is also related to Gypsophila, but its calyx is cylindrical rather than bell-shaped.[4]
Saponaria species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the Lychnis, and Coleophora saponariella, which is exclusive to the genus.
Diversity
There are 30[4][5] to 40[1][6][7] species in the genus.
Species include:[8]
- Saponaria bargyliana[9]
- Saponaria bellidifolia
- Saponaria caespitosa
- Saponaria calabrica – Adriatic soapwort
- Saponaria karapinarensis[10]
- Saponaria kotschyi[11]
- Saponaria lutea
- Saponaria ocymoides – rock soapwort, tumbling-Ted
- Saponaria officinalis – bouncingbet, sweet Betty
- Saponaria pamphylica[12]
- Saponaria pumila[13]
- Saponaria pumilio – pygmy pink
- Saponaria sicula
- Saponaria suffruticosa[14]
References
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- Saponaria. USDA PLANTS.
- Saponaria. ITIS.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Saponaria. Flora of North America.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Saponaria. Flora of Pakistan.
- ↑ Saponaria. Flora of China.
- ↑ Jürgens, A., et al. (2003). Flower scent composition in Dianthus and Saponaria species (Caryophyllaceae) and its relevance for pollination biology and taxonomy. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 31(4), 345-57.
- ↑ Saponaria. The Jepson eFlora 2013.
- ↑ Saponaria. GRIN.
- ↑ Mutlu, B. (2006). Saponaria bargyliana Gombault (Caryophyllaceae): a new record for Turkey and analysis of its morphological characters with related species. Turk. J. Bot 30, 63-70.
- ↑ Vural, M., et al. (2006). Saponaria karapinarensis, Senecio salsuginea and Centaurea tuzgoluensis, three new species from central Anatolia, Turkey. Belgian Journal of Botany 139(2), 252-60.
- ↑ Ataslar, E. (2004). Morphological and anatomical investigations on the Saponaria kotschyi Boiss.(Caryophyllaceae). Turk. J. Bot 28, 193-99.
- ↑ Çinbilgel, İ., et al. (2007). Morphological and anatomical study on endemic Saponaria pamphylica Boiss. & Heldr.(Carypohyllaceae). J. Appl. Biol. Sci 1, 19-25.
- ↑ Tribsch, A., et al. (2002). Saponaria pumila (Caryophyllaceae) and the ice age in the European Alps. American Journal of Botany 89(12), 2024-33.
- ↑ Dönmez, A. A. (2009). Saponaria suffruticosa (Caryophyllaceae): An enigmatic species from south-west Asia on border of Turkey and Iraq. Hacettepe J Biol 37(3) 181-87.
