Sophia Hayden Bennett

From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
(Redirected from Sophia Hayden)
Jump to: navigation, search
Sophia Hayden Bennett
Sophia G Hayden (later Bennett), Architect of the Women's Building.png
Sophia G Hayden, Architect of the Woman's Building at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, in 1892
Born Sophia Gregoria Hayden
(1868-10-17)October 17, 1868
Santiago, Chile
Died February 3, 1953(1953-02-03)
Winthrop, Massachusetts, United States
Fields Architecture
Alma mater MIT
Known for Woman's Building at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1892

Sophia Hayden Bennett (October 17, 1868 – February 3, 1953) was the first female graduate of the four-year program[1] in architecture at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[2][3][4]

Life

Early life

Bennett was born Sophia Gregoria Hayden[1] in Santiago, Chile. Her mother, Elezena Fernandez, was from Peru, and her father, George Henry Hayden, was an American dentist from Boston.[5] Bennet had a sister and two brothers.[6] When she was six she was sent to Jamaica Plain, a suburb of Boston, to live with her paternal grandparents, George and Sophia Hayden, and attended the Hillside School. While attending West Roxbury High School (1883–1886) she found an interest for architecture. After graduation Bennett's family moved to Richmond, Virginia, but she returned to Boston for college.[1]:94 She graduated from MIT in 1890 with a degree in architecture, with honors.

A photograph of Sophia Bennett taken in 1888 when she was an architecture student at Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Education

Bennett shared a drafting room with Lois Lilley Howe,[7] a fellow female architect at MIT.[8] Bennett's work was influenced by MIT professor Eugène Létang.[3]

After completing her studies Hayden may have had a hard time finding an entry level apprentice position as an architect because she was a woman so she accepted a position as a mechanical drawing teacher at a Boston high school.[2]

Woman's Building. World's Columbian Exposition (1892 : Chicago, Ill.).
Ground Plan and Gallery Plan of the The Woman's Building

Career

World's Columbian Exposition

She is best known for designing the Woman's Building at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1892, designing the building when she was just 21.[2][9] The Woman's Building was the nation's most prominent design competition for women at that time. Bennett based her design on her thesis project, "Renaissance Museum of Fine Arts."[1]:94

Bennett's entry won first prize out of a field of thirteen entries submitted by trained female architects.[1]:94 She received $1,000 for the design, when male architects earned $10,000 for similar buildings.[10]

During construction, Hayden's design principles were compromised by incessant changes demanded by the construction committee, spearheaded by socialite Bertha Palmer, who eventually fired Bennett from the project.[2][11] Bennett appeared at the Inaugural Celebration and had published accounts of support by her fellow architects.[12]

Her frustration eventually was pointed to as typifying women's unfitness for supervising construction, although many architects sympathized with her position and defended her. In the end the rifts were made up, perhaps, and Hayden's building received an award for "Delicacy or style, artistic taste, and geniality and elegance of the interior." Within a year or two, virtually all the Fair buildings were destroyed. Frustrated with the way she had been treated, Hayden may or may not have decided to retire from architecture, but she did not work again as an architect.[2]

Retirement

In 1900, Bennett married a portrait painter and, later, interior designer, William Blackstone Bennett, in Winthrop, Massachusetts. A stepdaughter, Jennie "Minnie" May Bennett, was from William Blackstone Bennett's prior marriage. The couple had no children. William died of pneumonia on April 11, 1909.[5]

Although Bennett designed a memorial for women's clubs in the U.S. in 1894, it was never built.[6] She worked as an artist for years and lived a quiet life in Winthrop, Massachusetts. Bennett died at the Winthrop Convalescent Nursing Home in 1953 of pneumonia after suffering a stroke.[2][6]

Works or publications

  • "Abstract of Thesis: Sophia G. Hayden, 1890." Technology Architectural Review 3 (September 31, 1890): 28,30.
  • "The Woman's Building." In Rand McNally and Company's A Week at the Fair, 180. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1893.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Further reading

  • Allaback, Sarah; The First American Women Architects, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2008. p. 94-96. ISBN 978-0-252-03321-6.
  • Ashby, Ruth, and Deborah G. Ohrn. "Sophia Hayden." Herstory: Women Who Changed the World. New York: Viking, 1995. ISBN 978-0-670-85434-9.
  • Darney, Virginia Grant, Women and World's Fairs: American International Expositions, 1876-1904. Ann Arbor, Mich: UMI Dissertation Services, 1982. OCLC 224428837
  • Gullet, Gayle. "Our Great Opportunity": Organized Women Advance Women's Work at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. Illinois Historical Journal (Winter 1994). PDF edition. Illinois State Historical Society. OCLC 40058087.
  • Hayden, William B. In Memoriam: Mrs. Sophia W. Hayden, 1819-1892. Boston: Massachusetts New-Church Union Press, 1893. Print. OCLC 146403030.
  • Larson, Erik; The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair That Changed America, Crown Publishers, 2003. ISBN 978-0-609-60844-9.
  • Sicherman, Barbara, and Carol H. Green. “Hayden, Sophia Gregoria.” In Notable American Women: The Modern Period : a Biographical Dictionary. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1980. ISBN 978-0-674-62733-8.
  • Stern, Madeleine B. "Three American women firsts in architecture: Harriet Irwin, Louise Bethune, Sophia G. Hayden Science & technology : America's first woman telegrapher: Sarah G. Bagley." We the Women: Career Firsts of Nineteenth-Century America. New York: Schulte Pub. Co, 1963. OCLC 382962
  • Torre, Susana. "Sophia Hayden and the Woman's Building Competition / Judith Paine,"Women in American Architecture: A Historic and Contemporary Perspective : a Publication and Exhibition Organized by the Architectural League of New York Through Its Archive of Women in Architecture. New York: Whitney Library of Design, 1977. ISBN 978-0-8230-7485-3.
  • Weimann, Jeanne M. The Fair Women: the Story of the Woman's Building, World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago 1893. Chicago, Ill: Academy Chicago, 1981. ISBN 978-0-89733-025-1.

Online Resource - Photo Source

External links

Retrieved from "https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Sophia_Hayden_Bennett&oldid=3880616"