United States Senate elections, 1818 and 1819

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United States Senate elections, 1818 and 1819
← 1816 / 1817 Dates vary by state 1820 / 1821 →
14 of the 42 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
22 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Democratic-Republican Federalist
Last election 25 (65.8%) 13 (34.2%)
Seats before 28 (70.0%) 12 (30.0%)
Seats won 30 (71.4%) 9 (28.6%)
Seat change Increase 2 Decrease 3
Seats up 11 3
Majority party before election

Democratic-Republican

 Elected Majority party

Democratic-Republican

The United States Senate election of 1818 and 1819 were elections for the United States Senate that had the Democratic-Republican Party gain two seats. The Federalists had only three seats being contested, of which they lost two and the third was left vacant due to a failure to elect.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Results

16th Congress (1819–1821)

  • Majority Party: Democratic-Republican (30)
  • Vacant: 2
  • Total Seats: 42

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

Composition after the September 5, 1818 special election in Tennessee.

DR10 DR9 DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1
DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18 DR19 DR20
Majority → DR21
F11 F12 DR28 DR27 DR26 DR25 DR24 DR23 DR22
F10 F9 F8 F7 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1

Beginning of the next Congress

  V1*
DR9 DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1 V2*
DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17*
Gain		 DR18*
Gain
Re-elected		 DR19
Re-elected
Majority → DR20
Re-elected
DR29
Gain		 DR28
Hold		 DR27
Hold		 DR26
Hold		 DR25
Hold		 DR24
Hold		 DR23
Hold		 DR22
Hold		 DR21
Re-elected
DR30
Gain		 V3* F9 F8 F7 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2
  F1
Notes:
  • DR17 and DR18: Two seats were added for the new state of (Illinois):
    • The class 2 Illinois seat was won by a Democratic-Republican (DR17).
    • The class 3 Illinois seat was also won by a Democratic-Republican (DR18), but he had to face re-election almost immediately in February 1819 for the next term (DR18).
  • V1 and V2: Two Democratic-Republican seats (Georgia class 2 and Kentucky class 2) were not up for election this year, however both Senators resigned at the end of the 15th Congress. The seats began the term vacant and were both filled by Democratic-Repubicans in late 1819.
  • V3 (New York seat): Legislature failed to elect. The seat began the term vacant, but the Federalist incumbent would later be elected to the seat in 1820.
Key:
DR# Democratic-Republican
F# Federalist
V# Vacant

Race summaries

Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the 15th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1818 or before March 4, 1819; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Massachusetts
(Class 1)		 Eli Ashmun Federalist 1816 (Special) Incumbent resigned May 10, 1818.
Winner elected June 5, 1818.
Federalist hold.		 √ Prentiss Mellen (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia
(Class 2)		 George M. Troup Democratic-Republican 1816 (Special)
1816 (Re-elected)		 Incumbent resigned September 23, 1818.
Winner elected September 23, 1818.
Democratic-Republican hold.		 √ John Forsyth (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Vermont
(Class 3)		 James Fisk Democratic-Republican 1817 (Special) Incumbent resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont.
Winner elected October 20, 1818 to both finish the term ending March 3, 1819, and also to the following term, see below.
Democratic-Republican hold.		 √ William Palmer (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Illinois
(Class 2)		 New State New State.
Winners elected December 3, 1818 and lots were drawn to assign them to Class 2 and Class 3. The Class 3 Senator had to run again for re-election in 1819.
Two Democratic-Republican gains.		 √ Ninian Edwards (Class 3, Democratic-Republican) First ballot[1]
√ Jesse B. Thomas (Class 2, Democratic-Republican) Fourth ballot
Leonard White
Michael Jones
Joseph M. Street
Robert Morrison
Illinois
(Class 3)

Races leading to the 16th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1819 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Connecticut David Daggett Federalist 1813 (Special) Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1818 or 1819.
Democratic-Republican gain.		 √ James Lanman (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia Charles Tait Democratic-Republican 1809 (Special)
1813 (Re-elected)		 Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
Winner elected in 1818 or 1819.
Democratic-Republican hold.		 √ John Elliot (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Illinois Ninian Edwards Democratic-Republican 1818 (Elected) Incumbent re-elected in February 1819.[1] √ Ninian Edwards (Democratic-Republican) 23 votes
Michael Jones 19 votes[1]
Indiana Waller Taylor Democratic-Republican 1816 (Elected) Incumbent re-elected in 1818. √ Waller Taylor (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Kentucky Isham Talbot Democratic-Republican 1814 (Special) Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
Winner elected in 1818 or 1819.
Democratic-Republican hold.		 √ William Logan (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Louisiana Eligius Fromentin Democratic-Republican 1813 (Elected) Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1818 or 1819.
Democratic-Republican hold.		 √ James Brown (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland Robert Henry Goldsborough Federalist 1813 (Special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1819.
Democratic-Republican gain.		 √ Edward Lloyd (Democratic-Republican) 28.41%
William Pinkney (Democratic-Republican) 27.84%
Charles Carroll (Federalist) 21.02%
Robert H. Goldsborough (Federalist) 19.32%
Charles Goldsborough (Federalist) 2.27%
Samuel Smith (Unknown) 0.57%
John Graham (Democratic-Republican) 0.57%[2]
New Hampshire Clement Storer Democratic-Republican 1817 (Special) Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
Winner elected in 1818 or 1819.
Democratic-Republican hold.		 √ John Fabyan Parrott (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New York
(election link)		 Rufus King Federalist 1813 (Elected) style="background:#999999" | Incumbent ran for re-election.
Legislature failed to elect, and the seat became vacant.
Federalist loss.
Incumbent would later be elected in 1820, late in the next Congress.		 John C. Spencer (Democratic-Republican: Clintonian)
Samuel Young (Democratic-Republican: Bucktail)
Rufus King (Federalist)
John Van Ness Yates (Democratic-Republican: Bucktail)
North Carolina Nathaniel Macon Democratic-Republican 1815 (Special) Incumbent re-elected in 1819.[3] √ Nathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Ohio Jeremiah Morrow Democratic-Republican 1812 (Elected) Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1818 or 1819.
Democratic-Republican hold.		 √ William Trimble (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Pennsylvania Abner Lacock Democratic-Republican 1812 (Elected) Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
Winner elected December 8, 1818.[4]
Democratic-Republican hold.		 √ Walter Lowrie (Democratic-Republican) 67.97%
Isaac Weaver, Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 25.00%
Not Voting 6.25%
John Tod (Democratic-Republican) 0.78%[4]
South Carolina John Gaillard Democratic-Republican 1812 (Elected) Incumbent re-elected in 1818.[5] √ John Gaillard
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Vermont William Palmer Democratic-Republican 1818 (Elected) James Fisk (DR) had resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont.
Winner elected October 20, 1818 to both finish the term ending March 3, 1819, see above, and also to the following term.
Democratic-Republican hold.		 √ William Palmer (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Special elections during the 16th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1819 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Georgia
(Class 2)		 John Forsyth Democratic-Republican 1818 (Special) Incumbent resigned February 17, 1819 to become U.S. Minister to Spain.
Winner elected November 6, 1819.
Democratic-Republican hold.		 √ Freeman Walker (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Kentucky
(Class 2)		 John Crittenden Democratic-Republican 1816 (Elected) Incumbent resigned March 3, 1819 to return to private practice.
Winner elected December 10, 1819.
Democratic-Republican hold.		 √ Richard M. Johnson (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Alabama
(Class 2)		 New State New State.
Winner elected December 14, 1819.
Democratic-Republican gain.		 √ William R. King (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Alabama
(Class 3)		 New State New State.
Winner elected December 14, 1819.
Democratic-Republican gain.		 √ John W. Walker (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland
(Class 1)		 Alexander Hanson Federalist 1816 (Special) Incumbent died April 23, 1819.
Winner elected December 21, 1819.
Democratic-Republican gain.		 √ William Pinkney (Democratic-Republican)
(2nd-place finisher to Edward Lloyd in a combined election in which both Lloyd and Pinkney were elected to the state's two seats.[2]
Virginia
(Class 2)		 John Eppes Democratic-Republican 1817 (Elected) Incumbent resigned December 4, 1819 because of ill health.
Winner elected December 14, 1819.
Democratic-Republican hold.		 √ James Pleasants (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

See also

References

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