Archduchess Louise of Austria

Luise of Austria
Crown Princess of Saxony
Luise of Tuscany (about 1911)
Born	(1870-12-02)2 December 1870 Salzburg
Died	Brussels
Spouse	Frederick Augustus III of Saxony Enrico Toselli
Issue	Georg, Crown Prince of Saxony Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen Prince Ernst Heinrich Princess Maria Alix Karola Margarete Karola, Princess of Hohenzollern Maria Alix Luitpolda, Princess of Hohenzollern-Emden Princess Anna
Full name Luise Antoinette Maria Theresia Josepha Johanna Leopoldine Caroline Ferdinande Alice Ernestine
House	House of Wettin House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Father	Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Mother	Alice of Bourbon-Parma
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Luise of Tuscany (2 December 1870 in Salzburg – 23 March 1947 in Brussels) (Luise Antoinette Maria Theresia Josepha Johanna Leopoldine Caroline Ferdinande Alice Ernestine, Princess Imperial and Archduchess of Austria, Princess of Tuscany, Hungary and Bohemia) was a daughter of Ferdinand IV of Tuscany and his second wife, Alice of Bourbon-Parma, daughter of Duke Charles III and Louise d'Artois. Archduchess Luise was thus a great-great-granddaughter of Charles X of France.

Crown Princess of Saxony

In Vienna on 21 November 1891, she married Prince Frederick Augustus of Saxony, who later became Crown Prince on the death of his childless uncle, King Albert I, and the accession of his father, King George, in June 1902. They had seven children:

• Friedrich August Georg, Crown Prince of Saxony (1893–1943). A priest, he renounced his rights in 1923.
• Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen, Duke of Saxony (1893–1968). Married Princess Elisabeth Helene of Thurn and Taxis (1903–1976) and had issue.
• Ernst Heinrich (1896–1971). Married first Princess Sophie of Luxembourg (1902–1941), daughter of Guillaume IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, in 1921 and second Virginia Dulon (1910–2002) in 1947 (morganatically). Had issue with Sophie.
• Maria Alix Carola, stillborn 22 August 1898.
• Margarete Carola Wilhelmine (1900–1962). Married Friedrich, Prince of Hohenzollern (1891–1965).
• Maria Alix Luitpolda (1901–1990). Married Franz Joseph, Prince of Hohenzollern-Emden (1891–1964).
• Anna Pia Monika (1903–1976). Married firstly Joseph Franz, Archduke of Austria (1895–1957) and secondly Reginald Kazanjian (1905–1990).

The two eldest sons, Friedrich August and Friedrich Christian, were born in the same year, 1893, but were not twins. Friedrich August was born in January, while Friedrich Christian was born in December.

Luise was very popular in Saxony. However, she did not follow etiquette at the court, which resulted in arguments with her father-in-law, King George of Saxony.

On 9 December 1902 Luise fled from Dresden due to her father-in-law threatening to have her interned in Sonnestein Mental Asylum for life. Her brother supported her in her wish to escape Saxony. She left Saxony without her children, but pregnant with Anna. For a while, she lived with her children's French tutor, André Giron, who was wrongly believed to be the father of her youngest daughter, Anna.

She was divorced from her husband on 11 February 1903 by the royal decree of her father-in-law. Emperor Franz Josef did not acknowledge the civil divorce.

Second marriage

On 25 September 1907, Luise married the Italian musician Enrico Toselli in London. They had one son, Carlo Emanuele Toselli (7 May 1908 – 1969), and were divorced five years later.

It was only after her second marriage that, Emperor Franz Josef, as head of the House of Habsburg, stripped her of her imperial titles and dignities. Her father created her Countess of Montignoso, as sovereign of the former Grand Duchy of Tuscany. After protracted negotiations, Anna was sent to Dresden to live with her siblings and be raised as a member of the Saxon royal house. Luise had tried to return to Dresden, but was prevented from seeing her children by her husband's ministers. She was allowed to see them on a private visit to a Saxon embassy. None of her children ever spoke out against their mother in their memoirs.

Later life

Luise as Marie-Antoinette.

In 1911, Luise broke her silence and published a memoir blaming her disgrace on her late father-in-law and Saxon politicians, whom she claimed feared that when she became queen, she would use her influence to dismiss them from office. Throughout the book, she claimed that her popularity exceeded that of her father-in-law, King Georg of Saxony, and her husband, the future king. There is strong evidence to support this. Luise implied that her popularity had alienated her from the royal family and politicians. Luise was indeed popular with the Saxon people. She ascribed her popularity to her insistence on ignoring the etiquette of the Saxon court and, perhaps to cast herself as a victim, compared herself to her Habsburg relative, Marie Antoinette, who disliked court rituals at Versailles and, like Luise, had avoided the noble courtiers who depended on those rituals to affirm their places at court. Her sister-in-law, Mathilda did a great deal to harm her.

After the Habsburg monarchy collapsed in 1918, Luise called herself "Comtesse d'Ysette", a title with even less legitimacy than the one her father had given her. Her former husband, the ex-King of Saxony, never remarried, as he believed in the eyes of the Roman Catholic Church that he was still married to Luise.

She died in Brussels and her urn is in the Erdlinge Church in Sigmaringen. A number of her children are buried nearby including her son Prince Ernst Heinrich.

Ancestry

Family of Archduchess Louise of Austria

16. Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor               8. Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany                       17. Maria Louisa of Spain               4. Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany                             18. Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies               9. Princess Luisa of the Two Sicilies                       19. Marie Caroline of Austria               2. Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany                                   20. Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (= 18)               10. Francis I of the Two Sicilies                       21. Marie Caroline of Austria (= 19)               5. Princess Marie Antoinette of the Two Sicilies                             22. Charles IV of Spain               11. Maria Isabella of Spain                       23. Maria Luisa of Parma               1. Archduchess Luise of Austria, Princess of Tuscany                                         24. Louis of Etruria               12. Charles II, Duke of Parma                       25. Maria Louisa of Spain               6. Charles III, Duke of Parma                             26. Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia               13. Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy                       27. Maria Teresa of Austria-Este               3. Princess Alice of Bourbon-Parma                                   28. Charles X of France               14. Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry                       29. Princess Marie Thérèse of Savoy               7. Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France                             30. Francis I of the Two Sicilies (= 10)               15. Princess Caroline Ferdinande Louise of the Two Sicilies                       31. Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria

Bibliography

• Louise of Tuscany, Former Crown Princess of Saxony, My own Story, London 1911
• Erika Bestenreiner, Luise von Toskana, Piper 2006 (A German book)

External links

• Luise, Crown Princess of Saxony
• Archduchess Louise of Austria, ThePeerage.com