Australian non-residential architectural styles

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For residential styles, see Australian residential architectural styles.

Australian non-residential architectural styles are a set of Australian architectural styles that apply to buildings used for purposes other than residence and have been around only since the first colonial government buildings of early European settlement of Australia in 1788.

Their distribution follows closely the establishment and growth of the different colonies of Australia, in that the earliest colonial buildings can be found in New South Wales and Tasmania.

The following classifications are derived from Apperley, Irving and Reynolds (1989):

Contents

Old Colonial Period (1788–c. 1840)

  • Old Colonial Georgian; Old Colonial Regency; Old Colonial Grecian; Old Colonial Gothic Picturesque

Georgian

Regency

Grecian

Gothic Picturesque

Victorian Period (c. 1840–c. 1890)

15 styles all prefaced by "Victorian":

Georgian, Regency, Egyptian, Academic Classical, Free Classical, Filigree, Mannerist, Second Empire, Italianate, Romanesque, Academic Gothic, Free Gothic, Tudor, Rustic Gothic, Carpenter Gothic

Victorian Georgian

Victorian Regency

Victorian Egyptian

  • Obelisk at junction of Elizabeth and Bathurst Streets, Sydney

  • Hyde Park Obelisk Design.jpg

    Obelisk, Sydney, detail

Victorian Academic Classical

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Main article: Neoclassical architecture

Victorian Free Classical

Victorian Filigree

Victorian Mannerist

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Main article: Mannerist architecture

Notable examples in Australia include: Culwulla Chambers (Sydney); Former Rocks Police Station (Sydney); Block Arcade (Melbourne); Stalbridge Chambers (Melbourne), National Bank Pall Mall (Bendigo); RESI Chambers (Melbourne); Lygon Buildings, Medley Hall (Carlton, Victoria); Former Money Order Post Office and Savings Bank (Melbourne); Mutual Store (Melbourne);

Victorian Second Empire

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Main article: Second Empire architecture

Notable examples include: Sydney Town Hall (Sydney); Hotel Windsor (Melbourne); Princess Theatre (Melbourne); Former Records Office (Melbourne); Melbourne General Post Office (Melbourne); Melbourne Town Hall (Melbourne); East Melbourne Synagogue (East Melbourne, Victoria); Royal Exhibition Building (Carlton, Victoria); Collingwood Town Hall (Collingwood, Victoria); South Melbourne Town Hall (South Melbourne, Victoria); Malvern Town Hall (Malvern, Victoria); Former Rechabite Hall (Prahran, Victoria); Brunswick Town Hall (Brunswick, Victoria); Camberwell Town Hall (Camberwell, Victoria); Bendigo Town Hall (Bendigo, Victoria); Shamrock Hotel (Bendigo Victoria); Bendigo Courthouse (Bendigo, Victoria); Bendigo Post Office (Bendigo, Victoria); Institute of Technology (Bendigo, Victoria); Queensland Parliament House (Brisbane)

Victorian Italianate

Victorian Romanesque

Victorian Academic Gothic

Victorian Free Gothic

Victorian Tudor (Jacobethan)

Victorian Rustic Gothic

  • (1)St Marks Rectory.jpg

    St Mark's Rectory, Darling Point, Sydney

  • Greycliffe House circa 1875.jpg

    Greycliffe House, Nielsen Park, Sydney

Victorian Carpenter Gothic

Federation Period (c. 1890–c. 1915)

12 styles, each style name prefaced by "Federation":

Academic Classical, Free Classical, Filigree, Anglo-Dutch, Romanesque, Gothic, Carpenter Gothic, Warehouse, Queen Anne, Free Style, Arts and Crafts, Bungalow

Federation Academic Classical

Federation Free Classical

Notable examples include: Sydney Hospital (Sydney); Taronga Zoo Pavilion (Sydney); Sydney Central Station (Sydney); Flinders Street Station (Melbourne); Sacred Heart Church (St Kilda, Victoria); Read's Emporium (Prahran, Victoria); Old Royal Hotel (Williamstown, Victoria); Former Queensland Lands Administration Building (Brisbane)

Federation Second Empire

Federation Filigree

Federation Anglo-Dutch

Federation Romanesque

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Main article: Romanesque Revival architecture

Federation Gothic

Federation Carpenter Gothic

Federation Warehouse

  • The Big Store. Prahran, Victoria. Completed 1902, an early and exuberant example of the style.

Federation Queen Anne

Federation Free Style

Federation Arts and Crafts

Federation Bungalow

Inter-War Period (c. 1915–c. 1940)

16 styles, each style name prefaced by "Inter-War":

Georgian Revival, Academic Classical, Free Classical, Beaux-Arts, Stripped Classical, Commercial Palazzo, Mediterranean, Spanish Mission, Chicagoesque, Functionalist & Modern, Art-Deco, Skyscraper Gothic, Romanesque, Interwar Gothic, Old English, California Bungalow

Federation Georgian Revival

Federation Academic Classical

Federation Free Classical

  • Market Square CML building Geelong.jpg

    CML Building, Geelong. Completed 1923.

Federation Beaux Arts

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Main article: Beaux-Arts architecture

Federation Stripped Classical

Federation Commercial Palazzo

  • Westpac bank building brisbane.jpg

    Westpac Bank building. 33 Queen Street, Brisbane. Completed 1920.

  • London stores elizabeth street melbourne.jpg

    London Stores. Elizabeth Street, Melbourne. Completed 1922.

  • Temple court collins street.jpg

    Temple Court. Collins Street, Melbourne. Completed 1924.

  • Nicholas building swanston street melbourne.jpg

    Nicholas Building. Swanston Street, Melbourne. Completed 1925.

  • Former amp building collins street melbourne.jpg

    Former AMP Building. Collins Street, Melbourne. Completed 1927.

  • Myer Lonsdale Street, Melbourne.jpg

    Myer Melbourne main store, Lonsdale Street, Melbourne. Completed 1933.

  • MacArthur Central, Brisbane.JPG

    MacArthur Central. cnr Queen and Edward Streets, Brisbane. Completed 1934.

Federation Mediterranean

Federation Art Deco

Federation Skyscraper Gothic

  • Victoria hotel east wing little collins street melbourne.jpg

    Victoria Hotel on Little Collins Street, Melbourne

  • The Grace Building, Sydney 2.jpg

    Grace Building, Sydney.

  • Manchester Unity Building.jpg

    Manchester Unity Building. Collins Street, Melbourne

  • (1)former Sun Building-1.jpg

    Former Sun building, Elizabeth Street, Sydney

  • (1)former Sun Building-2.jpg

    Former Sun building

Federation Chicagoesque

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Main article: Chicago school (architecture)

Federation Functionalist & Moderne

Federation Interwar Gothic

Federation Old English (20th Century Tudorbethan)

Federation Functionalist & Moderne

The functionist and moderne style often used combinations of blonde and brown bricks in linear vertical or horizontal patterns. Notable examples include: Museum of Contemporary Art (Sydney); Captain's Flat Hotel (NSW); Russell Street Police Headquarters (Melbourne); Astor Theatre (St Kilda, Victoria); Ballarat Law Courts (Ballarat);

Post-War Period (c. 1940–1960)

5 styles, each style name prefaced by "Post-War":

Ecclesiastical, International, Modern

Ecclesiastical

International

Modern

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Main article: Modern architecture

Late Twentieth-Century Period 1960–2000

14 styles, each style name prefaced by "Late Twentieth Century":

Stripped Classical, Ecclesiastical, International, Organic, Brutalist, Structuralist, Late Modern, Post Modern, Immigrants' Nostalgic

Stripped Classical

Ecclesiastical

International

Organic

  • Parliament house1.jpg

    Parliament House, Canberra. A mixture of Organic and contemporary stripped classical elements. Completed 1988.

Brutalist

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Main article: Brutalist architecture

Notable examples include: Sydney Masonic Centre/Civic Tower (Sydney); AAPT Centre (Sydney); Sydney Law School (Sydney); Cameron Offices (Canberra); High Court of Australia (Canberra); State Library of Queensland (Brisbane); Queensland Performing Arts Centre (Brisbane); Law Courts (Brisbane); Suncorp Metway Plaza (Brisbane); National Gallery of Victoria (Melbourne); Total carpark (Melbourne); World Trade Center (Melbourne); Harold Holt Memorial Swimming Pool (Malvern, Victoria); St Kilda Public Library (St Kilda, Victoria); Plumbing Trades Employees Union of Australia Building (Melbourne); University of Melbourne Faculty of Engineering (Melbourne); Metropolitan Fire Brigade (East Melbourne, Victoria); R.A.W. Woodgate Centre (Kew, Victoria); UTS Tower (University of Technology, Sydney); St Anthony's Church (Marsfield, Sydney). See Category:Brutalist architecture in Australia.

Structuralist

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Main article: Structuralism (architecture)

Late Modern

Post Modern

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Main article: Postmodern architecture

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See also: Neo-eclectic architecture

A subset of postmodernism is mock-historicism tries to imitate historic styles using modern materials to the point where it is difficult to tell them apart from historic buildings. The most imitated styles are those that are easiest to clone (including the Georgian style).

  • Paddy's Markets redevelopment (completed 1976). Haymarket, New South Wales. Tower is reflective of the building style

  • The Jam Factory redevelopment (completed 1979). Chapel Street, South Yarra, Victoria. Completed in 1979. Feature mock historical elements juxtaposted with old factory

  • Former Australian Stock Exchange (completed 1990). Collins Street, Melbourne. Features a classical inspired podium base and Georgian inspired pyramid roof.

  • 120 Collins Street (completed 1991). Collins Street, Melbourne. Evocative of an interwarNorth American skyscraper.

  • Chifley Tower (completed 1992). Sydney. Inspired by interwar North American skyscraper

  • Hotel Grand Chancellor, Launceston.jpg

    Hotel Grand Chancellor (completed 1993). Launceston, Tasmania. Mock historic composition of Georgian and Second Empire styles.

  • Rmit building 8.jpg

    RMIT Building 8 (completed 1993). Swanston Street, Melbourne. Uses novel decorative elements and references to pop-culture.

  • Westendlandmark.jpg

    Boundary Street retail buildings (completed 1999). West End, Queensland. A cartoonish take on Victorian Mannerism.

  • City Square, Melbourne, Australia.jpg

    Westin Hotel (completed 2000). Collins Street, Melbourne. Evocative of the Second Empire.

  • Sea Change at Beacon Cove, Port Melbourne.jpg

    Apartments (completed 2001). Port Melbourne, Victoria evocative of the Second Empire.

Deconstructivist

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Main article: Deconstructivism

Notable examples include Green Building RMIT; Deakin University main building; Australian Centre for Contemporary Art; Gottlieb House (Melbourne)

  • Green building swanston street melbourne.jpg

    Storey Hall (The Green Building). RMIT. Swanston Street, Melbourne. Completed 1994. One of the earliest examples of Deconstructivist design in Australia.

  • 450 burnley street richmond.jpg

    450 Swan Street. Completed 1995. Deconstructivist form integrates an old bank with new offices.

Immigrant's Nostalgic

21st-century architecture

Several new and continued 20th-century styles, all prefaced with "21st-century" - Deconstructivist, Post modern, Structuralist, Sustainable, Modern

Deconstructivist

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Main article: Deconstructivism

Notable examples include Fed Square; Shrine of Remembrance crypt; Sofo House (Melbourne) Swan Bells (Perth)

Post Modern

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Main article: Postmodern architecture

Structuralist

Advanced structuralism facilitated by Computer Aided Design

Sustainable

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Main article: Sustainable architecture

Notable examples in Australia include: 60L (Melbourne); CH2 (Melbourne); K2 Apartments (Windsor, Victoria); Dunc Gray Velodrome (Sydney); Forest EcoCentre (Tasmania); Rozak House (Noonamah, Northern Territory).

  • K2 Apartments. Windsor, Victoria. Completed 2006. Highly visible solar panels, prominent natural ventilators and use of natural materials.

  • Council House 2. Little Collins Street, Melbourne. Completed 2006. World's first 6 star green rating building features louvered facade, natural and recycled materials, solar panels and thermal mass cooling.

  • Dunc Gray Veledrome. Sydney, New South Wales

Green building

Modern

See also

References

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External links

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