Martin Archer Shee

For other people with similar names, see Archer Shee (disambiguation).

Martin Archer Shee
Self portrait (1794)
President of the Royal Academy
In office January 1830 – 13 August 1850
Preceded by	Sir Thomas Lawrence
Succeeded by	Sir Charles Lock Eastlake
Personal details
Born	(1769-12-23)23 December 1769 Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
Died	Brighton, Sussex, England
Known for	Portraiture

Sir Martin Archer Shee PRA FRS (23 December 1769 – 13 August 1850) was an Irish portrait painter and president of the Royal Academy.

Early life

He was born in Dublin, of an old Irish Roman Catholic family, the son of Martin Shee, a merchant, who regarded the profession of a painter as an unsuitable occupation for a descendant of the Shees. His son Martin nevertheless studied art in the Royal Dublin Society and came to London. There, in 1788, he was introduced by Edmund Burke to Joshua Reynolds, on whose advice he studied in the schools of the Royal Academy of Arts.

Career

In 1789 he exhibited his first two pictures, the "Head of an Old Man" and "Portrait of a Gentleman." Over the next ten years he steadily increased in practice. He was chosen an associate of the Royal Academy in 1798, in 1789 he married Mary, eldest daughter of James Power of Youghal, and in 1800 he was elected a Royal Academician. He moved to George Romney's former house at 32 Cavendish Square, and set up as his successor.

Shee continued to paint with great readiness of hand and fertility of invention, although his portraits were eclipsed by more than one of his contemporaries, and especially by Thomas Lawrence. The earlier portraits of the artist are carefully finished, easy in action, with good drawing and excellent discrimination of character. They show an undue tendency to redness in the flesh painting—a defect which is still more apparent in his later works, 'in which the handling is less "square," crisp and forcible. In addition to his portraits he executed various subjects and historical works, such as Lavinia, Belisarius, his diploma picture "Prospero and Miranda", and the "Daughter of Jephthah."

Writing

Portrait of William, Duke of Clarence, 1800

Portrait of William Roscoe, 1815–1817

File:Alexander Macdonell.jpg

Portrait of Alexander Macdonell, 1823

File:Sir Martin Archer Shee (1769-1850) - Henry Paget (1768-1854), 2nd Earl of Uxbridge and 1st Marquess of Anglesey - RCIN 401453 - Royal Collection.jpg

Portrait of Henry Paget, Marquess of Anglesey, 1836

File:Sir Martin Archer Shee (1769-1850) - Queen Adelaide (1792-1849) - RCIN 405418 - Royal Collection.jpg

Portrait of Queen Adelaide, 1836

In 1805 he published a poem consisting of Rhymes on Art, and a second part followed in 1809. Lord Byron spoke well of it in his English Bards and Scotch Reviewers. Shee published another small volume of verse in 1814, entitled The Commemoration of Sir Joshua Reynolds, and other Poems, but this was less successful. He also produced a tragedy, Alasco, set in Poland. The play was accepted at Covent Garden, but was refused a licence, on the grounds that it contained treasonable allusions, and Shee angrily resolved to make his appeal to the public. He carried out his threat in 1824, but Alasco was still on the list of unacted dramas in 1911. He also published two novels – Oldcourt (1829, in three volumes) and Cecil Hyde (1834).

On the death of Sir Thomas Lawrence in 1830, Shee was chosen president of the Royal Academy in his stead and shortly afterwards received a knighthood. In 1831 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In an examination before the parliamentary committee of 1836 concerning the functions of the Royal Academy, he ably defended its rights. He continued to paint till 1845, when illness made him retire to Brighton. He was deputised for at the Academy by J. M. W. Turner, who had appointed him a trustee of the projected Turner almshouse.

From 1842–1849, he was the first president of the Birmingham Society of Artists.

Death

Shee died in Brighton in 1850 and was buried in the western extension to St Nicholas' Churchyard in Brighton. His headstone remains, but has been laid flat and moved to the perimeter of the site.

Personal life

Shee had three sons, who became successful barristers, and three daughters. Descendants of one of the sons was George Archer-Shee, whose story inspired The Winslow Boy, a play written by Terence Rattigan and his older half-brother Martin Archer-Shee MP. Shee's descendant Mary Archer-Shee supports the campaign for the fulfilment of Turner's wishes for his bequests.

Written works by Shee (selected)

• Elements of art, a poem; in six cantos (1809)
• Rhymes on Art; Or, The Remonstrance of a Painter: in Two Parts (1809)
• The Commemoration of Reynolds: In Two Parts (1814)
• Oldcourt: Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3 (London : H. Colburn, 1829)
• Alasco: A Tragedy, in Five Acts (Sherwood, Jones, and co., 1824).

Bibliography

• Martin Archer Shee, The Life of Sir Martin Archer Shee, Volume 1, Volume 2 (London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, 1860).

References

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External links

• Paintings by Martin Archer Shee at the Art UK site
• Sir Martin Archer Shee online (ArtCyclopedia)
• Biography of M. A. Shee (Encyclopedia of Irish and World Art)
• William Archer Shee, the artist's son (Oil on canvas, Ca. 1820 – Metropolitan Museum of Art)
• Portrait by Thomas Bridgford

Cultural offices
Preceded by Sir Thomas Lawrence	President of the Royal Academy 1830–1850	Succeeded by Charles Lock Eastlake