Nanterre

Nanterre
Prefecture and commune
Place Gabriel Péri Place Gabriel Péri
Coat of arms
Location (in red) within Paris inner suburbs
Country	France
Region	Île-de-France
Department	Hauts-de-Seine
Arrondissement	Nanterre
Canton	Nanterre-1 and 2
Intercommunality	Grand Paris
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	Patrick Jarry
Area1	12.19 km2 (4.71 sq mi)
Population (Jan. 2018)2
INSEE/Postal code	92050 / 92000
Elevation	22–127 m (72–417 ft) (avg. 30 m or 98 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Nanterre (/nɒ̃ˈtɛər/, French: [nɑ̃tɛʁ]) is the prefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine department in the western suburbs of Paris. It is located some 11 km (6.8 mi) northwest of the centre of Paris. In 2018, the commune had a population of 96,807.

The eastern part of Nanterre, bordering the communes of Courbevoie and Puteaux, contains a small part of the La Défense business district of Paris and some of the tallest buildings in the Paris region. Because the headquarters of many major corporations are located in La Défense, the court of Nanterre is well known in the media for the number of high-profile lawsuits and trials that take place in it. The city of Nanterre also includes the Paris West University Nanterre La Défense, one of the largest universities in the Paris region.

Name

The name of Nanterre originated before the Roman conquest of Gaul. The Romans recorded the name as Nemetodorum. It is composed of the Celtic word nemeto meaning "shrine" or "sacred place" and the Celtic word duron (neuter) "hard, tough, enduring". The sacred place referred to is believed to have been a famous shrine that existed in ancient times.

Inhabitants of Nanterre are called "Nanterrien(ne)s" or "Nanterrois(es)".

History

The sacred shrine of antiquity that is referred to etymologically had been placed by tradition in Mont-Valérien. However, archeological discoveries made between 1994 and 2005 found a Gallic necropolis which has been dated to the third century BC, and also call into debate both the exact location of the pre-Roman capital of the Parisii and the initial site of Lutetia, the Roman era Paris. The large necropolis, as well as working people's homes from some time later in the ancient era, is near the bank of the Seine, in the northwest of Nanterre, and might be the sacred place that is being referred to etymologically. Lutetia is mentioned by Julius Caesar in 50 BCE, reporting an assembly in Lutetia in 53 BC between himself, commander of the Roman Legions, and local Gallic leaders. Although this had been thought to possibly be Île de la Cité, largely since Caesar mentions an island, the river at Nanterre follows two channels around an island. In 52 BC, the Parisii took up arms with the Gallic war leader Vercingetorix, and were defeated by Titus Labienus, one of Caesar's legates. Caesar mentions in his Commentarii that the Parisii destroyed the bridges and set fire to Lutetia before the arrival of the Roman forces. The archeological work in Nanterre has suggested over 15 hectares of pre-Roman or Roman era construction. These archeologic findings may be an indication that Nanterre was the closest pre-Roman settlement to the city's modern centre.

Sainte Genevieve, patron saint of Paris, was born in Nanterre ca. 419–422.

On 27 March 2002, Richard Durn, a disgruntled local activist, shot and killed eight town councilors and 19 others were wounded in what the French press dubbed the Nanterre massacre. On 28 March, the murderer killed himself by jumping from the 4th floor of 36 Quai des Orfèvres, in Paris, while he was questioned by two policemen about the reason for his killing in the Nanterre City Hall.

In June 2023, seventeen year old Nahel Merzouk was killed by a police officer following a traffic stop. His death sparked violent unrest around France.

Administration

Nanterre is divided into two cantons:

• Canton of Nanterre-1
• Canton of Nanterre-2

Transport

Nanterre is served by three stations on RER line A: Nanterre-Préfecture, Nanterre-Université, and Nanterre-Ville.

Nanterre-Université station is also an interchange station on the Transilien Paris-Saint-Lazare suburban rail line.

Economy

Société Générale has its headquarters in the Tours Société Générale in La Défense and Nanterre. The company moved into the building in 1995.

Faurecia, the sixth-largest automotive parts supplier, has its headquarters in Nanterre.

Groupe du Louvre and subsidiary Louvre Hôtels have their head office in Village 5 in La Défense and Nanterre.

Education

Senior high schools include:

• Lycée Joliot-Curie de Nanterre
• Lycée professionnel Louise-Michel
• Lycée professionnel Paul-Langevin
• Lycée professionnel Claude-Chappe

Sports

The basketball club Nanterre 92 plays at Palais des Sports Maurice Thorez.

The rugby union club Racing 92 opened the new Paris La Défense Arena in October 2017 and played their first game in the new facility in December 2017. It has a capacity of 32,000 for rugby and 40,000 for concerts. The venue opened as U Arena, but received its current name in June 2018 through a sponsorship deal with Paris La Défense, the company that manages the La Défense business district.

Demographics

Population

Historical population
Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1793 1,991 —     1800 2,222 +1.58% 1806 2,340 +0.87% 1821 1,903 −1.37% 1831 2,500 +2.77% 1836 2,590 +0.71% 1841 2,792 +1.51% 1846 2,842 +0.36% 1851 2,770 −0.51% 1856 2,919 +1.05% 1861 3,549 +3.99% 1866 3,907 +1.94% 1872 3,944 +0.16% 1876 4,279 +2.06% 1881 4,984 +3.10% 1886 5,592 +2.33% 1891 10,430 +13.28% 1896 11,950 +2.76%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1901 14,140 +3.42% 1906 17,434 +4.28% 1911 21,349 +4.13% 1921 27,042 +2.39% 1926 35,843 +5.80% 1931 42,978 +3.70% 1936 46,065 +1.40% 1946 41,860 −0.95% 1954 53,037 +3.00% 1962 83,416 +5.82% 1968 90,332 +1.34% 1975 95,032 +0.73% 1982 88,578 −1.00% 1990 84,565 −0.58% 1999 84,281 −0.04% 2007 88,875 +0.67% 2012 90,722 +0.41% 2017 95,105 +0.95%
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017)

Immigration

Place of birth of residents of Nanterre in 1999 Born in Metropolitan France Born outside Metropolitan France 75.7% 24.3% Born in Overseas France Born in foreign countries with French citizenship at birth¹ EU-15 immigrants² Non-EU-15 immigrants 2.7% 2.8% 3.9% 14.9% ¹This group is made up largely of former French settlers, such as pieds-noirs in Northwest Africa, followed by former colonial citizens who had French citizenship at birth (such as was often the case for the native elite in French colonies), and to a lesser extent foreign-born children of French expatriates. Note that a foreign country is understood as a country not part of France in 1999, so a person born for example in 1950 in Algeria, when Algeria was an integral part of France, is nonetheless listed as a person born in a foreign country in French statistics. ²An immigrant is a person born in a foreign country not having French citizenship at birth. Note that an immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants.

International relations

Nanterre's twin towns sign.

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Nanterre is twinned with:

• Craiova, Romania
• Pesaro, Italy
• Tlemcen, Algeria
• Veliky Novgorod, Russia
• Watford, United Kingdom
• Žilina, Slovakia

See also

• La Défense business district.
• List of tallest structures in Paris
• Communes of the Hauts-de-Seine department

External links

• Official website
• Université Paris 10 Nanterre (in French)
• Nanterre students (in French)
• News coverage of March 2006 University occupation (in English)
• Pictures of Nanterre (in French)
• Nanterre Cathedral gallery of pictures

1. REDIRECT Template:Prefectures of French departments