Rahat
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Rahat
|
||
|---|---|---|
| 250px | ||
|
||
 Rahat
|
||
| Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | ||
| District | Southern | |
| Founded | 1972 | |
| Government | ||
| • Type | City (from 1994) | |
| • Mayor | Fayez Abu Sahiban[1] | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 19,586 dunams (19.586 km2 or 7.562 sq mi) | |
| Population (2014)[2] | ||
| • Total | 60,400 | |
| Name meaning | Calm, comfort | |
Rahat (Hebrew: <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />רַהַט, Arabic: رهط) is a predominantly Bedouin city in the South District of Israel. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), at the end of December 2014 the city had a total population of 60,400[3] (53,095 in December 2010[2] and 51,700 in December 2009[4]). As such, it is the largest Bedouin settlement in the world, and the only one in Israel to have city status.
It is one of seven Bedouin townships in the Negev desert with approved plans and developed infrastructure (other six are: Hura, Tel as-Sabi (Tel Sheva), Ar'arat an-Naqab (Ar'ara BaNegev), Lakiya, Kuseife (Kseife) and Shaqib al-Salam (Segev Shalom).[5]
Contents
Meaning of the name
In Arabic, "rahat" means "relief" or "groups" (it is also a Muslim name used mostly for males). In Hebrew, "rahat" means "fountain."
Design
The city has a total of 33 neighborhoods. All but one of the neighborhoods consist entirely of separate Bedouin clans but one is a mixed-clan neighborhood. Between every neighborhood, there is a wadi. The city also has a market, public and commercial services, neighborhood parks, public areas, women's employment centers, children's play areas, and several mosques.[6][7]
Demographics
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1983 | 9,200 | — |
| 1995 | 23,200 | +8.01% |
| 2008 | 50,000 | +6.08% |
| 2013 | 58,700 | +3.26% |
| 2014 | 60,400 | +2.90% |
| Source: [2] | ||
According to CBS, in 2001 the ethnic makeup of the city was almost completely Arab Bedouin without significant Jewish population (see also: Population groups in Israel), making it the largest Bedouin settlement in Israel. Members of several Bedouin family clans reside in Rahat: Al-Qrenawi, Tarabin, Al-Huzeil, Al-Tayaha, Al-Azazma, Al-Jubur, Al-Tawarah, Howeitat, AbuZayed etc. Rahat's society is considered as a young one - more than a half of its residents are under the age of 18.[8]
According to CBS, in 2001 there were 16,300 males and 16,100 females. The population of the city was spread out with 65.2% 19 years of age or younger, 15.8% between 20 and 29, 12.0% between 30 and 44, 4.7% from 45 to 59, 0.9% from 60 to 64, and 1.4% 65 years of age or older. The population growth rate in 2001 was 5.9%.
According to CBS, at the end of 2010 there were 26,700 males and 26,400 females. Some 60.4% of Rahat population were 19 years old or younger, 15.4% between 20 and 29, 15.3% between 30 and 44, 5.9% from 45 to 59, 1% from 60 to 64, and 2% 65 years of age or older. The population growth rate decreased significantly - to 2.7%.[3]
History
The region of the city formerly owned by Al-Tayaha tribe (Al-Hezeel clan) until the year 1972 the town was called "Al-Hezeel" (Arabic: الهزيل) before changing the name.
In 1972 Rahat was considered by the government of Israel, as a new settlement for Bedouins who lived in the surrounding area without permanent domicile. Until 1980, Rahat was part of the Bnei Shimon Regional Council and from then on (until 1994) it was a local council (administered by a private board until 1989). In 1994 it was recognized as a city—the first Bedouin city in Israel.
Present day
The process of sedentarization is full of hardships for any nation, since it means a shift from one way of life to another—a transition from wandering to permanent residence, and Bedouins whose society is based on tradition are no exception. As a result of rapid and unexpected changes of the social infrastructure Bedouins faced many difficulties, primarily related to the integration issues.
The rate of unemployment remains high in Bedouin townships, as well as crime level.[9] School through age 16 is mandatory by law, but the vast majority of the population does not receive a high school education. Women are discriminated in the patriarchal-type Bedouin society.[10] There is another serious problem of trespassing on state lands and building unrecognized Bedouin settlements having no municipal status and facing demolition orders.[11]
Rahat is one of several flagship projects aimed at improving life for the Negev Bedouin. Unlike illegal villages with scarce access to water, electricity and services, this city provides the residents with all their basic needs. Nevertheless, in December 2009, the town was ranked low (1 out of 10) in socio-economic standing. Only 46.4% of grade twelve students are eligible to graduate from high school.
Economy
The township is situated close to Beersheva so its economy is related to that of the city. There is an industrial park in the suburbs of Rahat,[12] several more industrial parks are situated in the area - Beersheba and Hura. Currently a new industrial park is being built in Rahat, it is called Idan haNegev.[13] Residents also work in the services industry in Beersheba. There are several organizations that promote entrepreneurship among the 210,000 Bedouins living in the Negev,[14] primarily aimed at Bedouin women.
In 2007 the Center for Jewish-Arab economic development initiated an entrepreneurship and employment project for Rahat residents. Approximately 40 Bedouin women took part in it and received training in job search and computer skills and business management. 12 of them have launched their own businesses (shops, clothing, hairdressing, restaurant and catering, sewing).[15]
Income
According to CBS, as of 2009 the average income in Rahat was ILS 3,961 (compared to the average national income of 7,070). In 2000 the mean monthly wage for a salaried worker in the city was ILS 3,008, a real change of -0.8% over the course of 2000. Salaried males had a mean monthly wage of ILS 3,502 (a real change of 0.1%) versus ILS 1,394 for females (a real change of -10.7%). The mean income for the self-employed was 5,198. There were 277 residents who received government welfare, and 10,906 people who received an income guarantee. In 2000 in the city there were 3,983 salaried workers and 437 are self-employed.
Culture
There is a number of organizations carrying out different activities aimed at supporting and facilitating entrepreneurship in Israel's South in order to further integrate the 210,000 Bedouins living in the Negev into Israel's mainstream economy.[14] They are primarily aimed at Bedouin women.
Twenty Arab-Bedouin women from the towns of Rahat, Lakiya, Tel Sheva, Segev Shalom, Kuseife and Rachma participated in a sewing course for fashion design at the Amal College in Beer Sheva, including lessons on sewing and cutting, personal empowerment and business initiatives.[16]
There is a volunteer program to teach English to the Bedouin schoolchildren of Rahat.[17]
Social and Environmental Leadership Program was established in Rahat in the mid-2000s, initiated by young local residents.[8]
Higher education
Since the city of Beersheva is in close proximity to Rahat, most Bedouin students from Rahat study at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, some also at Sapir Academic College in Sderot. Soon a new Harvard University campus will be established in Rahat - inside Idan HaNegev Industrial Park. It will be the first campus built in this Bedouin city.[18] Ben-Gurion University of the Negev will oversee the new campus' operations, and it will be considered a BGU branch.
Health and public facilities
Rahat as a city has a number of public services, including medical services, schooling, labor, shopping, etc. There are branches of several health funds (medical clinics) in Rahat: Leumit, Clalit, Maccabi and several perinatal (baby care) centers Tipat Halav. In 2004 a new police station was opened here, it has around 70 staff policemen. There is a community center in Rahat with a number of clubs for youth.
Transportation
In June 2007 a new Lehavim-Rahat Railway Station was opened. It serves both the Bedouin community of Rahat and the suburbs of Lehavim. It made it more accessible for the local residents to work and study in Beer Sheba and other parts of the country.
There are buses operated by Egged and Galim bus cooperatives passing through Rahat.[19] For a long period of time there were only transit buses in the city, but in 2009 the bus transportation system was substantially improved and buses started to enter the city.[20]
Outstanding representatives of the community
- Faiz Abu Sahiban, Rahat Mayor
- Ouda Tarabin, an Israeli Bedouin imprisoned by Egypt for illegal border crossing[21]
- Dr. Alean Al-Krenawi, PhD, is Dean and Professor at Memorial University's School of Social Work and a former chair of the Spitzer Department of Social Work at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.[22]
- Suleiman Al-Shafhe, a journalist, in the past a Channel 2 reporter covering the Palestinian issues[23]
- Ahmed Alansasra, an artist[24]
- Kamla Abu Zeila, a Bedouin female filmmaker creating socially aware documentaries[25][26]
- Yusra Abu-Kaff, a Bedouin filmmaker[26][27]
- Mai Alfrawna, a filmmaker[26]
- Morad Alfrawna, a filmmaker from Rahat, took part in the "Back and Forth" cinematic project[26]
- Ahmad Amrani, one of the leaders of the Green movement. In 2002, established “Green Rahat,” the first environmental organization in Rahat to deal with the city’s environmental problems.[28]
See also
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rahat. |
References
- ↑ PM Netanyahu meets with Negev Bedouin mayors MFA, November 3, 2011
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Rahat, city profile (Hebrew)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ State of Israel. Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. List of Issues to be taken up in Connection with the Consideration of Israel's Fourth and Fifth Periodic Reports of Israel (CEDAW/C/ISR/4 and CEDAW/C/ISR/5)
- ↑ The Bedouin of the Negev
- ↑ A Bedouin welcome
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Environmental Education in Rahat
- ↑ Blueprint Negev. Working with Bedouin communities
- ↑ Sarab Abu-Rabia-Queder. The activism of Bedouin women: Social and political resistance Ben Gurion University
- ↑ Bedouins in the State of Israel Knesset official site
- ↑ Rahat Industrial Zone
- ↑ Idan Hanegev Industrial Park
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 http://newint.org/features/web-exclusive/2013/07/23/bedouins-face-mass-eviction/
- ↑ Bedouin projects. Rahat
- ↑ Economic Empowerment. Arab-Bedouin Fashion Design
- ↑ Mary Ann Lewis. On the volunteering program in Rahat
- ↑ Harvard University makes aliyah
- ↑ Buses Rahat - Lines List which pass through Rahat
- ↑ After years of anticipation, residents of Rahat report enthusiastically about the new public transportation system that recently began service in the city
- ↑ Report: Prisoner swap deal involving Ouda Tarabin to be signed Saturday
- ↑ School of Social Work. Dr. Alean Al-Krenawi
- ↑ Reports From a Tightrope
- ↑ Information Center for Israeli art. Ahmed Alansasra
- ↑ Israeli film maker helps put Bedouin woman behind the camera
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 Back and Forth. About the film A cinematic project by Uri Rosenwaks
- ↑ Daniella Cheslow. Getting behind the camera The Jerusalem Report
- ↑ The People leading the Green Movement
External links
 |
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for [[Wikivoyage:Rahat#Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 863: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|Rahat]]. |
- Rahat Photo Gallery
- Back and Forth movie - an independent cinematic project in Rahat guided by Uri Rosenwaks including four documentaries made by four Bedouin film directors
- Bedouin of the Negev
- Rahat city General facts about Rahat, photos
- Lands of the Negev, a short film presented by Israel Land Administration describing the challenges faced in providing land management and infrastructure to the Bedouins in Israel's southern Negev region
- Seth Frantzman, Presentation to Regavim about Negev
-
One of Rahat community centers
-
A private house being built in Rahat
-
Rahat city view
-
At the streets of Rahat
-
A medical clinic in Rahat
| Cities |
 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Local councils | ||
| Regional councils | ||
| See also | ||
|
||
_-_Beduin%27s_for_Peace.jpg){kind=link}
