Spanish Braille

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Spanish Braille
⠨⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑ ⠑⠎⠏⠁⠻⠕⠇
Type
alphabet
Languages Spanish, Galician
Parent systems
Braille
Print basis
Spanish alphabet
Child systems
Guarani Braille
Sister systems
Portuguese Braille

Spanish Braille is the braille alphabet of the Spanish language, both in Spain and in Latin America, and of Galician. It is very close to French Braille, with the addition of a letter for ñ, slight modification of the accented letters, and some differences in punctuation. Further conventions have been unified by the Latin American Blind Union, but differences with Spain remain.

Alphabet

The French Braille letters for vowels with a grave accent in print, à è ì ò ù, are used in Spanish Braille for print vowels with an acute accent, á é í ó ú. In addition, French ï is reassigned to Spanish ñ. Thus, in numerical order, the letters are:

⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)
a
⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)
b
⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
c
⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)
d
⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
e
⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)
f
⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)
g
⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)
h
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
i
⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)
j
⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)
k
⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
l
⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)
m
⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)
n
⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)
o
⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)
p
⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)
q
⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)
r
⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)
s
⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)
t
⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)
u
⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
v
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
x
⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)
y
⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)
z
⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)
á
⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)
é
⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)
ú
⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)
ñ
⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)
ü
⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)
w
⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)
í
⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)
ó

At one point, French w was apparently used for Spanish ü, reflecting its pronunciation, and French ô (a rotated v) for Spanish w, which is found in foreign words.[1]

Digits

Digits are the first ten letters of the alphabet, and are marked by , as in English Braille.

Punctuation

Single punctuation:

⠂ (braille pattern dots-2) ⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) ⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) ⠆ (braille pattern dots-23) ⠒ (braille pattern dots-25) ⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) ⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) ⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)
, .[2] '  ;  : * - /

(The same character is used for a full stop and for an apostrophe, as in Portuguese Braille. Spanish does not use the apostrophe in standard writing, and in Portuguese it is only present in a few fixed phrases.)

Paired punctuation:

⠢ (braille pattern dots-26) ⠀ (braille pattern blank) ⠢ (braille pattern dots-26) ⠖ (braille pattern dots-235) ⠀ (braille pattern blank) ⠖ (braille pattern dots-235) ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) ⠀ (braille pattern blank) ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) ⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) ⠀ (braille pattern blank) ⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) ⠣ (braille pattern dots-126) ⠀ (braille pattern blank) ⠜ (braille pattern dots-345) ⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356) ⠀ (braille pattern blank) ⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456) ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5) ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) ⠀ (braille pattern blank) ⠸ (braille pattern dots-456) ⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)
¿ ...... ? ¡ ...... ! (outer quotes)[3] (inner quotes)[3] ( ...... ) [ ...... ] { ...... }

Formatting

⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) ⠨ (braille pattern dots-46) ⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) ⠀ (braille pattern blank) ⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)
(digit) (caps) (start & stop emph.)

'Emphasis' may be bold or italic in print.

See Portuguese Braille for a more complete account, much of which is likely to apply to Spanish Braille.

Other languages

The full Spanish Braille alphabet is used for Galician as well. The letter for ñ is shared with Basque Braille (which has no additional letters) and with Guarani Braille (which does). It is not, however, used for the languages of the Philippines, which instead use an accent dot of English Braille with n, , for ñ. (See basic braille.)

Punctuation for Galician and Basque Braille is the same as that of Spanish Braille.

References

  1. [1]
  2. The ellipsis ⟨...⟩ is thus .
  3. 3.0 3.1 In Spain, these are "..." and '...', in Latin America the opposite.