1928 Florida Gators football team

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1928 Florida Gators football
Florida Gators football team (1928).png
Conference Southern Conference
1928 record 8–1 (6–1 3rd SoCon)
Head coach Charlie Bachman
Assistant coach Joe Bedenk
Assistant coach Joe Holsinger
Assistant coach Nash Higgins
Offensive scheme Notre Dame Box
Captain Goof Bowyer
Home stadium Fleming Field
Seasons
« 1927 1929 »
1928 Southern Conference football standings
Conf     Overall
Team W   L   T     W   L   T
Georgia Tech $ 7 0 0     10 0 0
Tennessee 6 0 1     9 0 1
Florida 6 1 0     8 1 0
VPI 4 1 0     7 2 0
Alabama 6 2 0     6 3 0
LSU 3 1 1     6 2 1
Clemson 4 2 0     8 3 0
Vanderbilt 4 2 0     8 2 0
Tulane 3 3 1     6 3 1
Ole Miss 3 3 0     5 4 0
North Carolina 2 2 2     5 3 2
Kentucky 2 2 1     4 3 1
South Carolina 2 2 1     6 2 2
Maryland 2 3 1     6 3 1
VMI 2 3 1     5 3 2
Georgia 2 4 0     4 5 0
NC State 1 3 1     4 5 1
Mississippi A&M 1 4 0     2 4 2
Virginia 1 6 0     2 6 1
Washington and Lee 1 6 0     2 8 0
Sewanee 0 5 0     2 7 0
Auburn 0 7 0     1 8 0
  • $ – Conference champion

The 1928 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida in the sport of American football during the 1928 college football season. The season was future Hall-of-Famer Charles W. "Charlie" Bachman's first of five as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team. The Gators finished 8–1 overall,[1] and 6–1 in the Southern Conference (SoCon), placing third of twenty-three teams in the conference, behind the national champion Georgia Tech Golden Tornado (7–0 SoCon) and the Tennessee Volunteers (6–0–1 SoCon).[2]

The Gators led the nation in scoring with 336 points, and the 1928 Gators were remembered by many sports commentators as the best Florida football team until at least the 1960s. The large scores were mostly due to its "Phantom Four" backfield which included quarterback Clyde Crabtree, halfbacks Carl Brumbaugh and Royce Goodbread, and fullback Rainey Cawthon. Other backs who were key contributors include captain Goof Bowyer, sophomore halfback Lee Roy "Red" Bethea, alternate-captain and halfback Tommy Owens, and fullback Ed Sauls. One account reads "There were twelve backs on the squad. Six of them can do the hundred in 10.1 seconds. Eight of them are fine punters and ten of them are great passers. And all of them are good receivers."[3]

At ends were future coach Dutch Stanley, and Florida's first-ever first-team All-American,[4] Dale Van Sickel. Quarterback Crabtree, who was ambidextrous and could throw passes with either hand or punt with either foot, while on the run or stationary, and Van Sickel were both unanimous All-Southern selections.

Among the many football highlights of 1928 were the Gators' 26–6 victory over the Georgia Bulldogs, which ended a six-game losing streak versus the Bulldogs, and the controversial loss to Tennessee ending their bid at an undefeated season and possible Rose Bowl berth.[5]

Before the season

Head coach Charlie Bachman succeeded Tom Sebring. Losses from the last season also included players Horse Bishop, Cecil Beck, Speedy Walker, Tom Fuller, Charlie Tucker, and Bill Middlekauff.[6]

Practice was opened on September 3.[7][8] A wealth of material from Florida high schools was expected.[9] After spending just two weeks with the team, while many players were engaged in other sports, Bachman declared his backfield material as the finest he ever had.[10]

Schedule

Date Opponent Site Result Attendance
October 6 Florida Southern* Fleming FieldGainesville, Florida W 26–0    
October 13 Auburn Fleming Field • Gainesville, Florida W 27–0   6,000
October 20 Mercer* Fleming Field • Gainesville, Florida (HC) W 73–0    
October 27 North Carolina State Fairfield StadiumJacksonville, Florida W 14–7   13,000
November 3 Sewanee Fairfield Stadium • Jacksonville, Florida W 71–6    
November 10 Georgia Municipal Stadium • Savannah, Georgia W 26–6   16,000
November 17 Clemson Fairfield Stadium • Jacksonville, Florida W 27–6   15,000
November 29 Washington & Lee Fairfield Stadium • Jacksonville, Florida W 60–6   14,000
December 8 Tennessee Shields-Watkins FieldKnoxville, Tennessee L 12–13   13,000
*Non-conference game.

Primary source: 2015 Florida Gators Football Media Guide.[1]

Season summary

Week 1: Florida Southern

In the first game of the 1928 season, the Gators defeated the Florida Southern Moccasins 26–0. The game was a tale of two halves. The Gators were held scoreless in the first half of the game, and achieved only two first downs. Thereafter, the Gators scored 26 second-half points.

Week 2: Auburn

Week 2: Auburn at Florida
1 2 3 4 Total
Auburn 0 0 0 0 0
Florida 0 27 0 0 27
  • Date: October 13
  • Location: Fleming Field
    Gainesville, FL
  • Game attendance: 6,000
  • Game weather: Rain

The Gators easily defeated the Auburn Tigers 27 to 0. Back Carl Brumbaugh ran for three touchdowns in a single quarter, including one scoring run of 85 yards.[11][12] The other touchdown occurred near the start of the second quarter, when Royce Goodbread carried a pass from Clyde Crabtree 16 yards to the goal. Dutch Stanley kicked the extra point. It began to rain as the third quarter started and Gators subs were in, hampering play and preventing a larger score. The rain sent the 6,000 spectators to shelter.[13]

In less than three quarters of play, Crabtree had directed 8 touchdowns.[14][15]

The starting lineup for the Gators against Auburn: Green (left end), Norfleet (left tackle), McRae (left guard), Clemons (center), Houser (right guard), Hicks (right tackle), Nolan (right end), Bowyer (quarterback), Bethea (left halfback), Van Sickel (right halfback), Brumbaugh (fullback).[13]

Week 3: Mercer

During the University of Florida's homecoming celebrations, the Gators played coach Bernie Moore's Mercer Bears, winning 73–0, and setting a scoring mark that remains the fifth-highest single-game scoring total in team history. Tommy Owens scored four touchdowns, tying a school record; Brumbaugh scored three touchdowns; and Bowyer, Sauls, McEwan, and Stanley had one each. This is the last time Florida plays Mercer.[16] The Mercer Cluster wrote: "The student body is laughing at the football team."[17]

Week 4: North Carolina State

Week 4: North Carolina State at Florida
1 2 3 4 Total
NC State 0 0 0 7 7
Florida 0 6 6 2 14
  • Date: October 27
  • Location: Fairfield Stadium
    Jacksonville, FL
  • Game attendance: 13,000
  • Referee: Arthur Hutchins (Purdue)

Because of the hot autumn weather in Gainesville, the Gators had begun practicing at night.[19] In a closely contested game,[18] the Gators defeated coach Gus Tebell's North Carolina State Wolfpack 14–7 in Jacksonville, Florida, in front of an audience of 13,000.

Both of Florida's touchdowns were scored by halfback Royce Goodbread on 70-yard runs.[18] One of those was around left end, and the other was a punt return.[20] Dutch Stanley missed both extra points after the Gators' two touchdowns, but Rainey Cawthon made up for it when he netted a safety. The Wolfpack scored on the return of a punt blocked off the toe of Gators team captain Goof Bowyer.[18] Just before the game ended the Wolfpack missed on a long pass to a receiver with a clean field to the goal.[20]

Red Bethea in 1930.

The starting lineup for the Gators against North Carolina State: Green (left end), Waters (left tackle), McRae (left guard), Bono (center), Houser (right guard), Allen (right tackle), Nolan (right end), Bowyer (quarterback), McEwen (left halfback), Owens (right halfback), Sauls (fullback).[20]

Week 5: Sewanee

Week 5: Sewanee at Florida
1 2 3 4 Total
Sewanee 0 6 0 0 6
Florida 6 25 27 13 71
  • Date: November 3
  • Location: Fairfield Stadium
    Jacksonville, FL
  • Referee: Walter Powell (Wisconsin)

In the sixth week, Florida crushed the mismatched Sewanee Tigers 71–6 in Jacksonville despite Sewanee's highly publicized aerial attack.[23] Florida had not played Sewanee since 1915.[23] Clyde Crabtree and Tommy Owens had to sit out with injuries.[24] Goof Bowyer, Red Bethea, and Broward McClellan were seen as the stars of the game.[21] The Gators played substitutes throughout the second half, putting the first stringers back in the middle of the fourth quarter.[22] Florida's center Frank Clark also drew praise for his play in the line.[22] This score placed the Gators in first place for scoring within the Southern Conference, and still remains one of the seven highest single-game scoring totals in Gators team history.

The scoring started in the first period after some three minutes when Red Bethea had a 10-yard touchdown, following a 25-yard pass play by Goof Bowyer.[21] Bethea also had a 14-yard touchdown run in the second period, and a 58-yard touchdown run in the third. Royce Goodbread had two touchdowns, on end runs around the Sewanee line of 15 and 25 yards. Ed Sauls also had two touchdowns, including the second-half kickoff return for 75 yards and a score. Bowyer, Cawthon, Clark, and McClellan all had one each. Bowyer netted four extra points, and the Gators had another conversion due to a Sewanee penalty.[22]

The starting lineup for the Gators against Sewanee: Green (left end), Waters (left tackle), Grandoff (left guard), Clark (center), Houser (right guard), Hicks (right tackle), Nolan (right end), Bowyer (quarterback), Bethea (left halfback), Yancey (right halfback), Sauls (fullback).[22][24]

Week 6: at Georgia

Week 6: Florida at Georgia
1 2 3 4 Total
Florida 6 7 7 6 26
Georgia 0 6 0 0 6
  • Date: November 10
  • Location: Municipal Stadium
    Savannah, GA
  • Game attendance: 16,000
  • Referee: Arthur Hutchins (Purdue)

Before the 1928 Florida–Georgia game, Georgia fans trumpeted the return of center Ike Boland to bolster its defense.[26] Florida's defense, however, rendered the Georgia Bulldogs' running game ineffective, including fullback Herdis McCrary, en route to a 26–6 victory,[27] Florida's first-ever victory over Georgia in seven match-ups. The victory solidified the Gators as legitimate contenders for their first-ever conference title.[25][28] Two Bulldogs fumbles and two Gators pass plays accounted for Florida's four touchdowns.

The first score came after Rip Reeves recovered a Georgia fumble at the 30-yard line. On the second play after this, Red Bethea ran off left tackle for a touchdown. Goof Bowyer missed the extra point.[25] By the second quarter Georgia had failed to consistently move the ball on the ground against Florida's line and tried to pass. Bulldogs quarterback H. F. Johnson completed a 10-yard pass to back Frank Dudley, who ran 30 additional yards for a touchdown. Johnson missed the extra point and the score was tied.[25] A 16-yard touchdown run by Florida's Clyde Crabtree, starting around right end, then reversing field, broke the tie.[29] Carl Brumbaugh converted the extra point.

Clyde Crabtree.

A touchdown pass reception by end Dale Van Sickel of more than 30 yards provided another score in the third period,[25][29] followed by Brumbaugh's extra point kick. To close the third quarter, fullback Rainey Cawthon made a 40-yard broken field run. On the first play of the fourth quarter, Crabtree passed to Brumbaugh for another score, but Brumbaugh's extra point attempt was blocked by the Bulldogs. In the middle of the fourth quarter, Gator fans rushed the field to tear down the goal posts, and fist fights broke out between Georgia and Florida fans.[25]

The starting lineup for the Gators against Georgia: Van Sickel (left end), J. Clemons (left tackle), Steele (left guard), Clark (center), Reeves (right guard), Bryan (right tackle), Stanley (right end), Bowyer (quarterback), Goodbread (left halfback), Bethea (right halfback), Sauls (fullback).[25]

Week 7: Clemson

Week 7: Clemson at Florida
1 2 3 4 Total
Clemson 6 0 0 0 6
Florida 0 7 6 14 27
  • Date: November 17
  • Location: Fairfield Stadium
    Jacksonville, FL
  • Game attendance: 15,000
  • Referee: Severance (Oberlin)

Coach Josh Cody's Clemson Tigers, captained by O. K. Pressley, held extra practices to prepare for the undefeated Gators.[31]

Clemson scored first, leading 6–0 after the first quarter. From then on the Gators dominated, winning 27 to 6. Brumbaugh, Van Sickel, and Bethea were cited as players of the game.[30][32] Florida effectively used both the run and the pass. Bethea's work reminded one writer of Red Grange.[33] Florida's second touchdown occurred in the second half, when Bethea caught a 25-yard in-the-air pass, followed by a 36-yard run for the score.[30]

Clemson's only score came on a 30-yard pass.[30][34] In the second quarter, Florida's Owens went around end and Brumbaugh finished the drive with a touchdown.[30] The third score came in the fourth quarter on a pass from Crabtree to Cawthon. The Gators' fourth and final score was on a pass from Brumbaugh to Van Sickel.

The starting lineup for the Gators against Clemson: Green (left end), Waters (left tackle), McRae (left guard), B. Clemons (center), Allen (right guard), Hicks (right tackle), Nolan (right end), Bowyer (quarterback), Bethea (left halfback), Goodbread (right halfback), Sauls (fullback).[30]

Week 8: Washington & Lee

The 60–to–6 victory over coach Pat Herron's Washington & Lee Generals made the Gators the highest-scoring team in the entire nation in total points scored.[35] In front of 14,000 persons, Tommy Owens scored two touchdowns, as did Brumbaugh and Goodbread; while Bethea, Crabtree, and McEwan had one each. Morgan Blake wrote: "At this writing, it is a matter for serious debate as to which is the dizziest—the Washington and Lee football team or this groggy sports scribe from Atlanta...Florida's great football team—magnificent in the fullest sense of the word, keen, alert, fast, and powerful—gave Washington and Lee the most crushing defeat it has encountered in many years." The Gators tallied 590 total yards.[36]

Week 9: at Tennessee

Week 9: Florida at Tennessee
1 2 3 4 Total
Florida 0 0 6 6 12
Tennessee 0 7 0 6 13

The 1928 Gators played their final game against coach Robert Neyland's Tennessee Volunteers on the Vols' home field in Knoxville, Tennessee. Neyland was sick with the flu.[38] The game was played on a soft, wet field, following a hard rain, and both teams scored two touchdowns on the muddy field. The Volunteers missed one of their two extra-point conversion attempts after touchdowns, but the Gators missed two conversion attempts and lost the game by a single point, 12–13.[39] In what would become a trend in the series, controversy swirled around the contest. By all accounts, the playing surface had been a muddy mess. Some Gators claimed that the home team had watered down the field in an effort to slow down the speedy Gator backs.[40] The Vols protested that the sloppy conditions were simply the result of heavy rain the night before the game.[41][42] One contemporary sportswriter called the game "the biggest upset of the year down South."[43] Tennessee's usual quarterback Roy Witt was out with an injury, and was replaced by Bobby Dodd.[37][44]

File:Bobby Dodd football card.jpg
Tennessee quarterback Bobby Dodd depicted on a football card from the 1950s.

Prior to the contest, coach Bachman used a motivational trick learned from Knute Rockne and waved a telegram in front of his players, telling them a win over Tennessee meant an invitation to the Rose Bowl, the only postseason bowl in those days, even though conference champion Georgia Tech was already invited. The loss curtailed Florida's hopes of its first conference title, and fans and players have long since mourned the mythical, missed chance at a Rose Bowl.[5]

Tennessee led the scoring for most of the game; Florida only making it close with late rallies.[37] Early in the second quarter, Tennessee made the half's lone score. It was set up by a "bullet-like"[37] 25-yard pass from Dodd, who was on the run to evade tacklers, to Paul Hug, who was downed at the 2-yard line. After Florida's defense held for three downs, Gene McEver scored between the center's legs on fourth down. The ensuing extra point on a pass from Dodd to Herc Alley would decide the game.[37]

Down 7–0 at the half, Florida came out with a vengeance[37] and scored two minutes into the third quarter. On a similar play to Tennessee's score, a 16-yard pass from Royce Goodbread was caught by Dale Van Sickel, down at the 1-yard line. Goodbread went over left tackle for the touchdown the very next play. Dodd deflected Carl Brumbaugh's pass for the extra point attempt.[37] After the beginning of the fourth quarter, Florida had the ball inside its own 15-yard line after Tennessee turned it over on downs. Clyde Crabtree ran instead of punting, and was tackled just as he tried to execute a lateral to Goodbread near the 30-yard line. The lateral was intercepted by Tennessee's Buddy Hackman, who out-sprinted Brumbaugh to the goal.[37]

The Gator backfield

The Gators later drove to the 4-yard line before they were held on downs. After Dodd's punt to midfield, the Gators' engineered their final scoring drive. A 27-yard pass from Brumbaugh to Van Sickel got the Gators out of bounds at the 1-yard line. Crabtree ran it in for the touchdown, but Brumbaugh's place kick for the extra point was wide and short.[37] Some sources claim it was blocked.[5]

The starting lineup for the Gators against Tennessee: Van Sickel (left end), Waters (left tackle), Steele (left guard), Clark (center), Reeves (right guard), Hicks (right tackle), Stanley (right end), Bowyer (quarterback), Bethea (left halfback), Owens (right halfback), Sauls (fullback).[37]

Postseason

Awards and honors

After the conclusion of the 1928 season, seven Gator players were tabbed for postseason honors by major media outlets: the "Phantom Four" as well as end Dale Van Sickel, and linemen Jimmy Steele and William McRae.[45]

File:DVSickel.png
Van Sickel in 1928.

Junior end Van Sickel was chosen a first-team All-American, the first in Gators team history, by the Associated Press (AP), Collier's Weekly, and the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA).[1][46][47][48] Sophomore guard Steele was a second-team All-American selection by the NEA, and received honorable mention honors from the AP.[46][47] Sophomore guard McRae was a second-team All-American selection by United Press (UP).[49] Junior back Clyde Crabtree received third-team All-American honors from each of the AP, the NEA, and UP.[46][47][49][50]

Crabtree and Van Sickel were both first-team All-Southern selections of the AP and UP composite teams. Steele was a first-team UP All-Southern selection. Dutch Stanley, Dale Waters, Steele, Carl Brumbaugh, Royce Goodbread, and Rainey Cawthon received All-Southern honorable mention honors from the AP.[51]

Departing seniors

Seniors graduating included captain Goof Bowyer, Tommy Owens, Dutch Stanley, Jus Clemons, Willie DeHoff, and Chester Allen.[52] All but DeHoff played all three years for the Florida varsity.[53] Despite this, hopes were high for the team and its backs in 1929.[12]

Four 1928 Gators would later play professional football in the National Football League (NFL): halfback/quarterback Carl Brumbaugh, halfback/quarterback Clyde Crabtree, halfback Royce Goodbread, and tackle Dale Waters. Brumbaugh went on to win multiple NFL Championships with the Chicago Bears in 1932 and 1933. In the Bears' backfield with Brumbaugh were Bronko Nagurski and Red Grange.

Coach Bachman later added: "We would have beaten California in the Rose Bowl. Worse than Tech did on a dry field."[54]

Personnel

Depth chart

The following chart provides a visual depiction of Florida's lineup during the 1928 season with games started at the position reflected in parenthesis. The chart mimics a Notre Dame Box on offense.

LE
Harry Green (4)
Dale Van Sickel (2)
Willie DeHoff (0)
Lloyd Wilson (0)
LT LG C RG RT
Muddy Waters (4) Bill McRae (3) Frank Clark (3) Mike Houser (3) Dashwood Hicks (4)
Jus Clemons (1) Jimmy Steele (2) Ben Clemons (2) Rip Reeves (2) Chester Allen (1)
Joe Norfleet (1) Bert Grandoff (1) Louis Bono (1) Chester Allen (1) Joe Bryan (1)
Tom Perry (0) Loyd Baldwin (0) Wayne Ripley (0)
RE
Jimmy Nolan (4)
Dutch Stanley (2)
J. W. Chapman (0)
 
QB
Goof Bowyer (6)
Clyde Crabtree (0)
RHB
Tommy Owens (2)
Red Bethea (1)
Royce Goodbread (1)
Dale Van Sickel (1)
Harvey Yancey (1)
Carl Brumbaugh (0)
Broward McClellan (0)
LHB
Red Bethea (4)
Royce Goodbread (1)
Red McEwen (1)
John Allen (0)
Johnny Bryson (0)
FB
Ed Sauls (5)
Carl Brumbaugh (1)
Rainey Cawthon (0)
Wilbur James (0)
Elmer Ihrig (0)

Linemen

Starters

Number Player Position Games
started
High school Height Weight Age
25 Frank Clark Center 3 Culver 6'1" 170 19
1 Bert Grandoff guard 1 Hillsborough 5'7" 204 21
12 Harry Green end 4 Gainesville 6'2" 182 23
33 Dashwood Hicks tackle 4 Hillsborough 6'2" 176 21
32 Mike Houser guard 3 Duval 5'7" 170 22
29 Jimmy Nolan end 3 Duval 5'10" 170 20
9 Bill McRae guard 3 West Palm Beach 6'1" 172 19
31 Alex "Rip" Reeves guard 2 Alabama 5'8" 184 22
21 Dutch Stanley end 3 Hillsborough 5'8" 181 22
26 Jimmy Steele guard 2 Hillsborough 6'0" 185 19
39 Dale Van Sickel end 3 Gainesville 5'11" 170 20
2 Dale Waters tackle 4 Newcastle 6'2" 185 19

Subs

Number Player Position Games
started
High school Height Weight Age
3 Chester Allen tackle 2 Lakeland 6'0" 185 24
27 Loyd Baldwin center Miami 5'11" 180 20
20 Louis Bono center 1 Duval 5'10" 178 23
10 Joe Bryan tackle 1 Duval 5'11" 182 23
J. W. Chapman end
36 Ben Clemons center 2 Leon 6'2" 185 22
15 Justin "Jus" Clemons tackle 1 Plant City 6'0" 184 22
13 Willie DeHoff end Spring Hill 6'0" 170 22
1 Bert Grandoff guard 1 Hillsborough 5'7" 204 21
4 Joe Norfleet tackle 1 Newberry 6'0" 175 21
24 Tom Perry guard Daytona Beach 5'10" 160 19
8 Wayne Ripley guard Duval 5'11" 190 22
37 Lloyd Wilson end Hillsborough 5'10" 165 20

Backfield

Starters

Number Player Position Games
started
High school Height Weight Age
23 Red Bethea halfback 5 Riverside 5'9" 172 21
38 Ernest "Goof" Bowyer Quarterback (captain) 7 Lakeland 5'10" 170 24
28 Carl Brumbaugh halfback 1 West Milton 5'10" 164 21
40 Rainey Cawthon fullback Leon 5'11" 180 20
17 Clyde Crabtree quarterback J. Sterling Morton 5'8" 147 21
42 Royce Goodbread halfback 2 St. Petersburg 6'0" 190 20
14 Tommy Owens halfback (alternate captain) 2 Quincy 5'11" 146 22
30 Ed Sauls fullback 6 Leon 5'11" 185 20

Subs

Number Player Position Games
started
High school Height Weight Age
John Allen halfback
16 Johnny Bryson halfback Duval 5'6" 145 21
19 Elmer Ihrig fullback Fort Myers 5'8" 174 24
35 Wilbur James fullback Orlando 5'11" 186 19
6 J. Milton "Red" McEwan halfback 1 Wauchula 5'8" 155 19
Broward McClellan halfback
5 Harvey Yancey halfback 1 Duval 5'10" 160 20

[55][56]

Coaching staff

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 2015 Florida Gators Football Media Guide, University Athletic Association, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 108 & 115 (2015). Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  2. 2009 Southern Conference Football Media Guide, Year-by-Year Standings, Southern Conference, Spartanburg, South Carolina, p. 74 (2009). Retrieved August 30, 2010.
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  6. McEwen, p. 90
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  36. McEwen, p. 100
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  41. Pat Dooley, "Coach Meyer: Here's a primer on rivalry vs. UT," The Gainesville Sun (September 13, 2005). Retrieved September 16, 2012.
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  46. 46.0 46.1 46.2 Associated Press, "South-West Gain On All-U.S. Eleven," The New York Times, p. S3 (December 9, 1928). Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  47. 47.0 47.1 47.2 Henry L. Farrell, "East Gets All-America Backfield," Reading Times, p. 18 (December 3, 1928). Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  48. Grantland Rice, "The All-America Football Team," Collier's Weekly, pp. 5–7 (December 22, 1928). Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  49. 49.0 49.1 Frank Getty, "Three Big Ten Men On All-American," Telegraph-Herald and Times-Journal (December 4, 1928). Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  50. Alan J. Gould, "All-American Selections for 1928," The Free Lance-Star, p. 6 (December 8, 1928). Retrieved June 20, 2011.
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  54. McEwen, p. 96
  55. McEwen, pp. 101-102
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Bibliography

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