Alpinia

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Alpinia
File:Alpinia zerumbet 3.jpg
Alpinia zerumbet
Scientific classification
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Genus:
Alpinia

Roxb., 1810
Species

See text.

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Alpinia is a genus of flowering plants in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. It is named for Prospero Alpini, a 17th-century Italian botanist who specialized in exotic plants.[1] Species are native to Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, where they occur in tropical and subtropical climates.[2] Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants.[3] Species of the genus are known generally as ginger-lilies.[3][4]

Description

These herbs lack true stems, but have pseudostems usually up to about 3 meters long which are composed of the overlapping leaf sheaths.[2][3] A few species have been known to reach 8 meters.[5] They grow from thick rhizomes. The leaves are lance-shaped to oblong. The inflorescence takes the form of a spike, a panicle, or a raceme. It may be hooded in bracts and bracteoles. The flower has a shallowly toothed calyx which is sometimes split on one side. The flower corolla is a cylindrical tube with three lobes at the mouth, the middle lobe larger and hoodlike in some taxa. There is one fertile stamen and two staminodes, which are often joined into a petal-like labellum, a structure that is inconspicuous in some species and quite showy in others. The fruit is a rounded, dry or fleshy capsule.[2][3] The plants are generally aromatic due to their essential oils.[6]

File:Alpinia hainanensis ' Shengzhen' w2.jpg
Alpinia hainanensis ' Shengzhen'
File:Alpinia hainanensis ' Shengzhen' 33.jpg
Alpinia hainanensis ' Shengzhen'

Ecology

Most Alpinia are plants of forest understory habitat. Most are pollinated by large bees, but some are pollinated by birds and bats.[5]

Species

This is the largest genus in the ginger family,[5] with about 230 species.[2][3][5] A number of those are commonly grown for their flowers, and others are used as spices.

Species include:[7]

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  • Alpinia abundiflora
  • Alpinia acrostachya
  • Alpinia acuminata
  • Alpinia aenea
  • Alpinia affinis
  • Alpinia agiokuensis
  • Alpinia alata
  • Alpinia albertisii
  • Alpinia albipurpurea
  • Alpinia allugas
  • Alpinia amentacea
  • Alpinia angustifolia
  • Alpinia annabellae
  • Alpinia antillarum
  • Alpinia apoensis
  • Alpinia aquatica
  • Alpinia arctiflora
  • Alpinia arfakensis
  • Alpinia arundelliana
  • Alpinia assimilis
  • Alpinia athroantha
  • Alpinia aurantiaca
  • Alpinia auriculata
  • Alpinia bambusifolia
  • Alpinia beamanii
  • Alpinia biakensis
  • Alpinia bicalyculata
  • Alpinia bifida
  • Alpinia bilamellata
  • Alpinia bisculata
  • Alpinia blepharocalyx
  • Alpinia blumei
  • Alpinia boia
  • Alpinia boninsimensis
  • Alpinia borneensis
  • Alpinia borraginoides
  • Alpinia brachyantha
  • Alpinia brachypoda
  • Alpinia bracteata
  • Alpinia brevilabris
  • Alpinia brevis
  • Alpinia brevituba
  • Alpinia burkillii
  • Alpinia caerulea – Australian native ginger
  • Alpinia calcarata – heen araththa, cardamom ginger
  • Alpinia calcicola
  • Alpinia calycodes
  • Alpinia campanaria
  • Alpinia cannaefolium
  • Alpinia capitellata
  • Alpinia cardamomum-medium
  • Alpinia carinata
  • Alpinia carnea
  • Alpinia carolinensis
  • Alpinia celebica
  • Alpinia cernua
  • Alpinia chaunocolea
  • Alpinia chinensis
  • Alpinia chrysorachis
  • Alpinia coeruleoviridis
  • Alpinia colossea
  • Alpinia comosa
  • Alpinia conchigera – lesser alpinia
  • Alpinia condensata
  • Alpinia conferta
  • Alpinia congesta
  • Alpinia conghuaensis
  • Alpinia conglomerata
  • Alpinia copelandii
  • Alpinia corallina
  • Alpinia coriacea
  • Alpinia coriandriodora
  • Alpinia cornu-cervi
  • Alpinia cristata
  • Alpinia crocodocalyx
  • Alpinia cumingii
  • Alpinia cylindrocephala
  • Alpinia dasystachys
  • Alpinia decurva
  • Alpinia decurvata
  • Alpinia dekockii
  • Alpinia densespictata
  • Alpinia densibractetata
  • Alpinia densiflora
  • Alpinia diffissa
  • Alpinia divaricata
  • Alpinia dolichocephala
  • Alpinia domatifera
  • Alpinia dyeri
  • Alpinia edanoi
  • Alpinia elmeri
  • Alpinia elwesii
  • Alpinia emaculata
  • Alpinia engleriana
  • Alpinia eremochlamys
  • Alpinia eremochlamys
  • Alpinia euastra
  • Alpinia eubractea
  • Alpinia eustales
  • Alpinia exostylis
  • Alpinia flabellata
  • Alpinia flava
  • Alpinia flexistamen
  • Alpinia fluvitialis
  • Alpinia formosana
  • Alpinia foxworthyi
  • Alpinia fraseriana
  • Alpinia fusiformis
  • Alpinia gagnepainii
  • Alpinia galanga – greater galangal
  • Alpinia gigantea
  • Alpinia glabra
  • Alpinia glabrescens
  • Alpinia glacicaerulea
  • Alpinia globosa – round Chinese cardamom
  • Alpinia gracilis
  • Alpinia gracillima
  • Alpinia graminea
  • Alpinia grandiceps
  • Alpinia grandis
  • Alpinia guinanensis
  • Alpinia haenkei
  • Alpinia hagena
  • Alpinia hainanensis
  • Alpinia hamiltoniana
  • Alpinia hansenii
  • Alpinia havilandii
  • Alpinia hemsleyanan
  • Alpinia henryi
  • Alpinia hibinoi
  • Alpinia himantoglossa
  • Alpinia hirsuta
  • Alpinia hokutensis
  • Alpinia homeana
  • Alpinia hookeriana
  • Alpinia hulstijnii
  • Alpinia humilis
  • Alpinia hylandii
  • Alpinia illustris
  • Alpinia intermedia
  • Alpinia involucrata
  • Alpinia iriomotensis
  • Alpinia janowskii
  • Alpinia japonica
  • Alpinia javanica – Javanese alpinia
  • Alpinia jianganfeng
  • Alpinia jingxiensis
  • Alpinia kainantensis
  • Alpinia katsumadae
  • Alpinia kelungensis
  • Alpinia kermesina
  • Alpinia kiungensis
  • Alpinia kiushiana
  • Alpinia koidzumiana
  • Alpinia korthalsii
  • Alpinia koshunensis
  • Alpinia kumatahe
  • Alpinia kusshakuensis
  • Alpinia kwangsiensis
  • Alpinia laosensis
  • Alpinia latilabris
  • Alpinia lauterbachii
  • Alpinia laxiflora
  • Alpinia laxisecunda
  • Alpinia leptostachya
  • Alpinia ligulata
  • Alpinia linguiformis
  • Alpinia longepetiola
  • Alpinia luteo-carpa
  • Alpinia maclurei
  • Alpinia macrantha
  • Alpinia macrocarpa
  • Alpinia macrocephala
  • Alpinia macroscaphis
  • Alpinia macrostemon
  • Alpinia macroura
  • Alpinia maculata
  • Alpinia malaccensis – rathkihiriya
  • Alpinia manii
  • Alpinia manostachys
  • Alpinia martinii
  • Alpinia maxii
  • Alpinia mediomaculata
  • Alpinia melanocarpa – black-fruited alpinia
  • Alpinia menghaiensis
  • Alpinia mesanthera
  • Alpinia microlophon
  • Alpinia missionis
  • Alpinia modesta
  • Alpinia mollis
  • Alpinia mollissima
  • Alpinia molucana
  • Alpinia monopleura
  • Alpinia multispicata
  • Alpinia murdochii
  • Alpinia musaefedia
  • Alpinia mutica – small shell ginger, orchid ginger, narrow-leaved alpinia
  • Alpinia myriocratera
  • Alpinia nanchuanensis
  • Alpinia napoensis
  • Alpinia neesana
  • Alpinia nidus-vespae
  • Alpinia nieuwenhuizii
  • Alpinia nigra
  • Alpinia novae-hiberniae
  • Alpinia novae-pommeraniae
  • Alpinia nupiocratera
  • Alpinia nutans – dwarf cardamom, ginger lily, shell ginger
  • Alpinia oblongifolia
  • Alpinia oceanica
  • Alpinia odontonema
  • Alpinia officinarum – lesser galangal, Chinese ginger
  • Alpinia oligantha
  • Alpinia orchioides
  • Alpinia orthostachys
  • Alpinia ovata
  • Alpinia ovoidocarpa
  • Alpinia oxymitra
  • Alpinia oxyphylla – sharp-leaf galangal
  • Alpinia padacanca
  • Alpinia pahangensis
  • Alpinia papuana
  • Alpinia parviflora
  • Alpinia pectinata
  • Alpinia penduliflora
  • Alpinia penicillata
  • Alpinia petiolata – stalked-leaved alpinia
  • Alpinia philippinensis
  • Alpinia phoenicea
  • Alpinia pininga
  • Alpinia pinnanensis
  • Alpinia platychilus
  • Alpinia plectophylla
  • Alpinia plumieri
  • Alpinia polyantha
  • Alpinia porphyrea
  • Alpinia porphyrocarpa
  • Alpinia porrecta
  • Alpinia pricei
  • Alpinia psilogyna
  • Alpinia pterocalyx
  • Alpinia ptychanthera
  • Alpinia pulcherrima
  • Alpinia pumila
  • Alpinia punicea
  • Alpinia purpurata – red ginger
  • Alpinia pyramidata – Java galangal
  • Alpinia quadriloba
  • Alpinia racimigera
  • Alpinia racemosa
  • Alpinia rafflesiana – Raffles' alpinia
  • Alpinia rechingeri
  • Alpinia regia
  • Alpinia reticosa
  • Alpinia rheedii
  • Alpinia rigida
  • Alpinia rolfei
  • Alpinia romblonensis
  • Alpinia romburghiana
  • Alpinia rosacea
  • Alpinia roscoeana
  • Alpinia rosea
  • Alpinia rosella
  • Alpinia roxburghii
  • Alpinia rubella
  • Alpinia rubra
  • Alpinia rubricaulis
  • Alpinia rubromaculata
  • Alpinia salamonensis
  • Alpinia samoensis
  • Alpinia sanderae
  • Alpinia sandsii
  • Alpinia sasakii
  • Alpinia satsumensis
  • Alpinia schultzei
  • Alpinia schumanniana
  • Alpinia secunda
  • Alpinia secundiflora
  • Alpinia seimundii
  • Alpinia sericea
  • Alpinia sericiflora
  • Alpinia serrulata
  • Alpinia shimadae
  • Alpinia siamensis
  • Alpinia sibuyanensis
  • Alpinia silvicola
  • Alpinia simsii
  • Alpinia singuliflora
  • Alpinia smithiae
  • Alpinia speciosa – shellflower, shellplant
  • Alpinia spicata
  • Alpinia squarrosa
  • Alpinia stachyodes
  • Alpinia stapfiana
  • Alpinia stenobracteolata
  • Alpinia stenostachys
  • Alpinia striata
  • Alpinia strobilacea
  • Alpinia strobiliformis
  • Alpinia subfusicarpa
  • Alpinia submutica
  • Alpinia subspicata
  • Alpinia subverticillata
  • Alpinia suishaensis
  • Alpinia takaminei
  • Alpinia tamacuensis
  • Alpinia tomentosa
  • Alpinia tonkinensis
  • Alpinia tonrokuensis
  • Alpinia trachyascus
  • Alpinia tricolor
  • Alpinia tubulata
  • Alpinia unilateralis
  • Alpinia uraiensis
  • Alpinia uviformis
  • Alpinia valetoniana
  • Alpinia vanoverberghii
  • Alpinia velutina
  • Alpinia versicolor
  • Alpinia viridiflora
  • Alpinia vittata – variegate-ginger
  • Alpinia vitiensis
  • Alpinia vulcanica
  • Alpinia walang
  • Alpinia warburgii
  • Alpinia wenzelii
  • Alpinia werneri
  • Alpinia womerslyi
  • Alpinia wrayi
  • Alpinia zerumbet – shell ginger
  • Alpinia zingiberina

Gallery

References

  1. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Alpinia. Flora of China.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Alpinia. Flora of North America.
  4. Alpinia. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Kress, W. J., et al. (2005). The molecular phylogeny of Alpinia (Zingiberaceae): a complex and polyphyletic genus of gingers. American Journal of Botany 92(1), 167-78.
  6. Victório, C. P. (2011). Therapeutic value of the genus Alpinia, Zingiberaceae. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 21(1), 194-201.
  7. Alpinia. The Plant List.
  8. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.