Atlantic Steam Navigation Company

Atlantic Steam Navigation Co Ltd

Industry	Transportation
Successor	European Ferries
Founded	1934
Founder	Frank Bustard
Defunct	1971
Number of locations	Tilbury, Preston & Lowestoft
Area served	North Sea & Irish Sea
Services	Roll-on Roll-off ferries

The Atlantic Steam Navigation Company was founded in 1934 with the original object of providing a no-frills transatlantic passenger service. A combination of difficult economic conditions and then World War II frustrated these early ambitions.

In 1946 the opportunity was taken to lease war-surplus LSTs from the Admiralty and start the world's first roll-on roll-off ferry service. Starting with military charters returning materiel from Europe to England the company progressed to providing commercial services across the Irish Sea and then across the North Sea. In 1971 the company was acquired by European Ferries.

History

Genesis of the company

The company was originally founded in 1934 by Frank Bustard, the Passenger Traffic Manager for the White Star Line when the latter was merged with the Cunard Line the same year. The original idea was to set up a low cost line providing cheap passages between Europe and the United States. He first attempted to purchase a number of surplus vessels from the Red Funnel Line but was unsuccessful. He then approached Vickers Armstrong with designs for two new ships. However the government of the day was not keen on a new company operating on the North Atlantic in competition with Cunard White Star and Bustard was not able to raise a loan from the Bank of England to finance construction. The onset of World War II saw Bustard called up to the Army Reserve and his plans went into abeyance. During the war he was present at trials of landing craft loading and unloading vehicles on the sands of New Brighton.

Post World War II

After demobilisation, Bustard tried again to implement his transatlantic plans but there were no suitable ships available and no chance of raising finance for a new build. Instead he turned his thoughts to the use of surplus LSTs as vehicle ferries on the short sea routes across the North Sea. After lengthy negotiations with the Admiralty he succeeded in chartering 3 LSTs, 3519, 3534 and 3512. The ships needed modifications to engines, boilers and navigational aids as well as improved accommodation. The maiden voyage of ASN took place on 11 September 1946 when LST3519, now renamed Empire Baltic, sailed from Tilbury with 64 new vehicles for the Dutch Army for delivery in Rotterdam. The company continued to ferry thousands of military vehicles across the North Sea via Hamburg. In 1955 the terminal was transferred from Hamburg to Antwerp.

In 1948 ASN acquired another LST which became the Empire Doric and was used to inaugurate a commercial service between Preston, Lancashire and Larne. Early cargoes included a contract to carry 200 prefabricated houses, lorries loaded with glass from Pilkington's, and a circus. This was the first commercial roll-on roll-off ferry service in the world. It proved so successful that in 1950 the Empire Gaelic was acquired to operate a new service between Preston and Belfast.

In 1952, ASN were chosen to manage a fleet of 12 LSTs for the War Department, operating in the Middle & Far East. This arrangement continued until 1961 when the operation transferred to the British-India Steam Navigation Company. They were deployed to Japan during the Korean War.

Nationalisation

In April 1954 ASN was nationalised and came under the auspices of the British Transport Commission. With the dissolution of the BTC in 1962 the company was transferred to the Transport Holding Company. In 1968 it became part of the National Freight Corporation, subsequently being sold to European Ferries in 1971.

Suez Crisis

In late 1956 the entire fleet was sent to Mediterranean during the Suez Crisis. ASN had to charter in a number of ships to maintain the freight services from Preston. Initially three British coasters were acquired to be replaced by four German ships for the rest of the war. Vehicle services were not resumed until January 1957. At the same time ASN were responsible for the operation of 12 LSTS that had been recommissioned for the duration of the war. These were known as the Seabird class.

Post Suez

In 1957 ASN ordered their first new ships, Bardic Ferry and Ionic Ferry in a rolling programme to replace the original fleet of LSTs. The ships were designed to carry both vehicles and container traffic being equipped with their own electric cranes to handle the latter. In addition the main car deck was strengthened to take tanks in the event of the vessels being required for military service. The first of the LSTS to be withdrawn was the Empire Cedric in 1959. The last was the Empire Nordic which survived until 1966. The rest having gone by 1963.

In 1961 ASN started offering container services from Preston to various ports across the Irish Sea using a number of chartered vessels. Starting with parallel services to Larne and Belfast they expanded to serve Drogheda, Dublin and, briefly, Waterford.

In 1965 ASN moved its North Sea base from Tilbury to the expanding port of Felixstowe which reduced the crossing time by half.

In 1969 the founder of the company, Lt-Colonel Frank Bustard was made a Freeman of Larne.

Routes

• 1946 - 1965 Tilbury - Rotterdam
• 1946 - 1955 Tilbury - Hamburg
• 1948 - 1971 Preston - Larne
• 1950 - 1971 Preston - Belfast
• 1955 - 1968 Tilbury - Antwerp
• 1961 - 1971 Preston - Drogheda
• 1963 - 1971 Preston - Dublin
• 1964 - 1966 Preston - Waterford
• 1965 - 1971 Felixstowe - Rotterdam
• 1968 - 1971 Felixstowe - Antwerp

Fleet

Chartered from Admiralty

The ships names commemorated White Star Liners.

Ship	In Service	Notes
SS Empire Baltic	1946–1962	ex LST 3519
SS Empire Cedric	1946–1959	ex LST 3534
SS Empire Celtic	1946–1960	ex LST 3512
SS Empire Doric	1948–1960	ex LST 3041
SS Empire Gaelic	1950–1960	ex LST 3507
SS Empire Cymric	1955–1962	ex LST 3010, ex HMS Attacker
SS Empire Nordic	1955–1966	ex LST 3026, ex HMS Charger

Managed ships for RASC

1952-1961, named after distinguished RASC officers.

Ship	Notes
SS Charles MacLeod	ex LST 3021
SS Evan Gibb	ex LST 3037
SS Frederick Clover	ex LST 3001 renamed Pacific Pioneer
SS Humphrey Gale	ex LST 3509
SS Maxwell Brander	ex LST 3024, Sold and renamed Fredrege Isabel in 1968. Scrapped in 1969
SS Reginald Kerr	ex LST 3009
SS Snowdon Smith	ex LST 3028, renamed Elbano Primo

Managed ships for the War Office

Mobilised for the Suez Crisis in late 1956.

Ship	Notes
SS Empire Curlew	ex LST 3042, ex HMS Hunter
SS Empire Fulmar	ex LST 3524, ex HMS Trumpeter
SS Empire Gannet	ex LST 3006, ex HMS Tromso
SS Empire Grebe	ex LST 3038, ex HMS Fighter
SS Empire Guillemot	ex LST 3525, ex HMS Walcheren
SS Empire Gull	ex LST 3523, ex HMS Trouncer
SS Empire Kittiwake	ex LST 3510, ex HMS Slinger
SS Empire Petrel	ex LST 3520, ex HMS Thruster
SS Empire Puffin	ex LST 3015, ex HMS Battler
SS Empire Shearwater	ex LST 3033, chartered by Townsend Bros in 1959
SS Empire Skua	ex LST 3517, ex HMS St Nazaire
SS Empire Tern	ex LST 3504, ex HMS Pursuer

New ships

The ships names again reflected ASN's White Star Line heritage.

Ship	In Service	Notes
MV Bardic Ferry	1957–1976	Sold, renamed Nassim II
MV Ionic Ferry	1958–1976	Sold, renamed Kamasin, renamed Tamerlane
MV Cerdic Ferry	1961–1981	Sold, renamed Atlas I, renamed Sifnos
MV Doric Ferry	1962–1981	Sold, renamed Atlas II, renamed Captain Alexandros
MV Gaelic Ferry	1964–1985	Scrapped 1988
MV Baltic Ferry	1965–1968	ex USS LST1081, ex USS Pima County. Sold and renamed Sable Ferry, renamed Nickel Ferry
SS Celtic Ferry	1966–1974	ex USS LSD11, ex HMS Cutlass, ex HMS Northway, ex City of Havana.
MV Europic Ferry	1967–1993	renamed European Freighter, sold and renamed Afrodite II, renamed Ajman Glory

Chartered ships

Suez Crisis

Ship	Service	Owner	Notes
St Kilda	Aug-Sep 1956	J & A Gardner
Cliffville	Aug 1956 - Jan 1957	John S Monk
A R Rawall	Sep 1956		Irish
Kapt Jan Reinecke	Sep 1956 - Jan 1957	J.A. Reinecke	West German
Fidentia	Sep 1956 - Jan 1957	Metcalfe Shipping Company Ltd
Heinrich Lorenz	Sep 1956 - Jan 1957		West German
Mary Robert Müller	Oct 1956 - Jan 1957	Robert Müller	West German

Preston container services

Ship	Owner	Notes
Elisa	A C Hoff	ex Biscaya
Goodwill	A C Hoff
Prior	A C Hoff	renamed Trinitas
Stream Fisher	James Fisher & Sons
Goodwill Trader	A C Hoff
Noach	A C Hoff
Goodwill Merchant	A C Hoff
Inniscara	British and Irish Steam Packet Company	Irish
Bay Fisher	James Fisher & Sons
Race Fisher	James Fisher & Sons
Friso		Dutch
Friendship
Loch Etive
Loch Linnhe		Irish
Leven Fisher	James Fisher & Sons
Eden Fisher	James Fisher & Sons
River Fisher	James Fisher & Sons
Firth Fisher	James Fisher & Sons
Derwent Fisher	James Fisher & Sons
Clipper	A C Hoff
Fastnet	Jan Klugkist	Dutch
Goodwill Traveller	A C Hoff
Curran	Shamrock Shipping Ltd
Moyle	Shamrock Shipping Ltd
Cambrian Coast	Coast Lines
Barbel Bolten	Auguste Bolten
Orwell Fisher	James Fisher & Sons
Coria	Dammers & van der Heide
Solway Fisher	James Fisher & Sons
Marietta Bolten	Auguste Bolten
Linda	Dammers & van der Heide
Poole Fisher	James Fisher & Sons
Owenglas	Huelin Renouf Shipping Services
Guernsey Fisher	James Fisher & Sons

Maintenance cover

The following ships were chartered from Townsend Thoreson to cover the overhaul period of ASN's ships.

Ship	Years
MS Viking I	1966, 1967
MS Viking II	1965

References

• By Road Across the Sea, Miles Cowsill [1990] Ferry Publications
• The Townsend Thoresen Years, Miles Cowsill & John Hendy [1989] Ferry Publications