Battle of the Overpass

File:Labor-Strike-Ford Motor Company-distant shot of large crowd - NARA - 195607.tif

The incident at the pedestrian overpass at the River Rouge Plant.

File:Labor-Strike-Ford Motor Company-Walter Reuther fifth from the left-Richard Frankensteen sixth from the left - NARA - 195593.tif

Walter Reuther fifth and Richard Frankensteen sixth from the left, at incident.

File:Labor-Strike-Ford Motor Company-men in physical altercation - NARA - 195594.tif

Frankensteen attacked by Ford Service Department members.

The Battle of the Overpass was an incident on May 26, 1937, in which labor organizers clashed with Ford Motor Company security guards at the River Rouge Plant complex in Dearborn, Metro-Detroit, Michigan.

Leaflet campaign

The United Auto Workers had planned a leaflet campaign entitled, "Unionism, Not Fordism", at the pedestrian overpass over Miller Road at Gate 4 of the River Rouge Plant complex. Demanding an $8 (equivalent to $132 today) six-hour day for workers, in contrast to the $6 (equivalent to $99 today) eight-hour day then in place, the campaign was planned for shift change time, with an expected 9,000 workers both entering and leaving the plant.

Ford security force response

At approximately 2 p.m., several of the leading UAW union organizers, including Walter Reuther and Richard Frankensteen, were asked by a Detroit News photographer, James R. (Scotty) Kilpatrick, to pose for a picture on the overpass, with the Ford sign in the background. While they were posing, men from Ford's Service Department, an internal security force under the direction of Harry Bennett, came from behind and began to beat them. The number of attackers is disputed, but may have been as many as forty.

Beatings

Frankensteen had his jacket pulled over his head and was kicked and punched. Reuther described some of the treatment he received:

Seven times they raised me off the concrete and slammed me down on it. They pinned my arms . . . and I was punched and kicked and dragged by my feet to the stairway, thrown down the first flight of steps, picked up, slammed down on the platform and kicked down the second flight. On the ground they beat and kicked me some more. . .

One union organizer, Richard Merriweather, suffered a broken back as the result of the beating he received.

Aftermath

Photographs

The security forces mob also attempted to destroy photographic plates, but the Detroit News photographer James R. Kilpatrick hid the photographic plates under the back seat of his car, and surrendered useless plates he had on his front seat. News and photos of the brutal attack made headlines in newspapers across the country.

Ford

In spite of the photographs, and many witnesses who had heard his men specifically seek out Frankensteen and Reuther, security director Bennett claimed — "The affair was deliberately provoked by union officials. . . . They simply wanted to trump up a charge of Ford brutality. ... I know definitely no Ford service man or plant police were involved in any way in the fight."

UAW

The incident greatly increased support for the UAW and hurt Ford's reputation. Bennett and Ford were chastised by the National Labor Relations Board for their actions. Three years later Ford signed a contract with the UAW.

A partially fictitious account of these events appear in Upton Sinclair's book, The Flivver King.

See also

• Ford Hunger March — in Detroit and Dearborn, 1932.

External links

• Detroit News retrospective
• Detroit News "Richard Frankensteen, the UAW's 'other guy'
• Henry Ford Museum site
• Walter P Reuther Library
• Smithsonian Magazine: Ford Won a Battle and Lost Ground

• Walter P. Reuther Library - Battle of the Overpass