Bouteloua dactyloides

For other uses, see Buffalo Grass.

Bouteloua dactyloides
Turf-type buffalograss
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
(unranked):	Commelinids
Order:	Poales
Family:	Poaceae
Genus:	Bouteloua
Species:	B. dactyloides
Binomial name
Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) Columbus 1999
Synonyms
List Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. Bulbilis dactyloides (Nutt.) Raf. ex Kuntze Sesleria dactyloides Nutt. 1818 Calanthera dactyloides (Nutt.) Kunth ex Hook. Casiostega dactyloides (Nutt.) E. Fourn. Anthephora axilliflora Steud. Bouteloua mutica Griseb. ex E.Fourn. Casiostega hookeri Rupr. ex E.Fourn. Lasiostega humilis Rupr. ex Munro Melica mexicana Link ex E.Fourn.

Bouteloua dactyloides, commonly known as Buffalograss or Buffalo Grass, is a North American prairie grass native to Canada, Mexico, and the United States. It is a shortgrass found mainly on the high plains and is co-dominant with blue grama (B. gracilis) over most of the shortgrass prairie.

"Buffalo grass" in North America is not the same species of grass commonly known as 'buffalo' in Australia. It should not be confused with Stenotaphrum secundatum varieties such as Sir Walter or Palmetto.

Description

Buffalograss is a warm-season perennial shortgrass. It is drought-, heat-, and cold-resistant. Foliage is usually 5–13 cm (2.0–5.1 in) high, though in the southern Great Plains foliage may reach 30 cm (12 in). Buffalograss is usually dioecious. Plants are occasionally monoecious, sometimes with perfect flowers. Flower stalks are 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) tall. The male inflorescence is a panicle; the female inflorescence consists of short spikelets borne in burlike clusters, usually with two to four spikelets per bur.

Buffalograss sends out numerous, branching stolons; occasionally it also produces rhizomes. Roots are also numerous and thoroughly occupy the soil. The numerous stolons and roots form a dense sod. Buffalograss roots are finer than those of most plains grasses, being less than 1 mm (0.039 in) in diameter.

Range

Buffalograss is common and widespread across most of the Great Plains and in scattered locations in neighboring regions, from the Canadian Prairie Provinces to central Mexico, as well as the Mississippi Valley and the Intermountain Region.

In Australia Bouteloua dactyloides is not called 'buffalo' but referred to as 'prairie grass'.

Taxonomy

Bouteloua dactyloides was initially placed by Thomas Nuttall in the genus Sesleria. It was later moved to the monotypic genus Buchloe. In 1999, James Travis Columbus moved Buffalograss to Bouteloua, which also contains the grama grasses.

Uses

Gardens

Buffalograss is used as a drought-tolerant turfgrass in North America and is also grown for forage. Turfgrass cultivars include 609, Prairie, Stampede and Density, while Comanche and Texoka are intended for forage. In addition, researchers at the University of California Riverside and University of California Davis have hybridized a buffalograss cultivar, UC Verde, creating a thick, green, drought-tolerant lawn for California's hot, dry summers.

Building

Settlers used its dense sod to build sod houses.

Diseases

Buffalograss false smut is a fungal disease caused by Porocercospora seminalis (formerly placed in the genus Cercospora). Infection by the fungus prevents normal caryopsis development, resulting in loss of yield and reduced seed germination.

References

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: 

External links

• Turf-Type Buchloe dactyloides at Native Turf Group (non-profit)
• United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, plants profile
• photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden collected in Texas in 1846

• The Plant List, Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.
• http://www.gov.mb.ca/conservation/wildlife/sar/pdf/buffalograss.pdf