Copernicia alba

Wax palm
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
(unranked):	Commelinids
Order:	Arecales
Family:	Arecaceae
Genus:	Copernicia
Species:	C. alba
Binomial name
Copernicia alba Morong.
Synonyms
Copernicia australis Becc.

Copernicia alba is a South American species of palm tree, which is found in the humid part of the Gran Chaco ecoregion in Bolivia, Paraguay, Colombia, Brazil (in the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul) and Argentina (especially the province of Formosa, and less abundantly towards drier areas). They often, but not always, form dense single-species woodlands. Its common name in Spanish show the various colours (and technical qualities) that its wood and/or bark takes according to its environment: palma blanca, palma negra, palma colorada ("white", "black" and "red" palm, respectively). In Guaraní it is called caranday, "water palm". Its English trade name is wax palm or caranday wax palm (it belongs to the same genus as the Carnauba wax palm).

Ancient peoples in South America used wax palm for making candles by scraping away wax on the leaves.

C. alba can reach 25 m in height and 40 cm in girth. The trunk is cylindrical, rarely bifurcated, and has a grayish bark with a smooth surface in adult specimens. The leaves are persistent, grouped at the apex of the trunk, and measuring between 40 and 70 cm. The inflorescence is almost 2 m long; the flowers are hermaphroditic, about 4 mm long, with a tubular yellowish green corolla, and arranged in a spiral pattern. Each flower has three ovaries, of which only one develops into a globular fruit, a dark pulpous berry that contains a light-brown, 12 mm long ovoid seed.

Young specimens have a lightweight semi-hard wood, which becomes hard and heavier in grown-up individuals, reaching a relative density of up to 0.92. This wood finds its main use in telephone and electrical line poles.

In Paraguay Copernicia Alba / Karanda’y is currently studied for its suitability as a Biodiesel oil crop.

References

• Libro del Árbol: Especies Forestales Indígenes de la Argentina de Aplicación Industrial (edited by Celulosa Argentina S. A., Buenos Aires, October 1975) (Spanish)