Elections in Bulgaria
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Bulgaria elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term directly by the people. The National Assembly (Narodno Sabranie) has 240 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies with a 4% threshold. Bulgaria has a multi-party system, in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each to form governments.
Contents
National legislatures
| Legislatures | Term | Seats |
|---|---|---|
| Constituent Assembly | 10.02.1879-16.04.1879 | 231 |
| 1 Grand National Assembly | 17.04.1879-26.06.1879 | 231 |
| 1 Ordinary National Assembly | 21.10.1879-24.11.1879 | 158 |
| 2 Ordinary National Assembly | 23.03.1880-18.12.1880 | 172 |
| 2 Grand National Assembly | 01.07.1881 | 307 |
| 3 Ordinary National Assembly | 10.12.1882-25.12.1883 | 47 |
| 4 Ordinary National Assembly | 27.06.1884-06.09.1886 | 195/286 |
| 3 Grand National Assembly | 19.10.1886-03.08.1887 | 493 |
| 5 Ordinary National Assembly | 15.10.1887-17.12.1889 | 285 |
| 6 Ordinary National Assembly | 15.10.1890-15.12.1892 | 276 |
| 4 Grand National Assembly | 03.05.1893-17.05.1893 | 577 |
| 7 Ordinary National Assembly | 15.10.1893-21.12.1893 | 145 |
| 8 Ordinary National Assembly | 15.10.1894-04.02.1896 | 149 |
| 9 Ordinary National Assembly | 01.12.1896-19.12.1898 | 159 |
| 10 Ordinary National Assembly | 16.05.1899-29.11.1900 | 169 |
| 11 Ordinary National Assembly | 22.02.1901-23.12.1901 | 166 |
| 12 Ordinary National Assembly | 22.04.1902-31.03.1903 | 188 |
| 13 Ordinary National Assembly | 02.11.1903-22.12.1907 | 189 |
| 14 Ordinary National Assembly | 15.06.1908-15.02.1911 | 203 |
| 5 Grand National Assembly | 09.06.1911-09.07.1911 | 414 |
| 15 Ordinary National Assembly | 15.10.1911-23.07.1913 | 213 |
| 16 Ordinary National Assembly | 19.12.1913-31.12.1913 | 204 |
| 17 Ordinary National Assembly | 20.03.1914-15.04.1919 | 257 |
| 18 Ordinary National Assembly | 02.10.1919-20.02.1920 | 237 |
| 19 Ordinary National Assembly | 15.04.1920-11.03.1923 | 232 |
| 20 Ordinary National Assembly | 21.05.1923-11.06.1923 | 245 |
| 21 Ordinary National Assembly | 09.12.1923-15.04.1927 | 267 |
| 22 Ordinary National Assembly | 19.06.1927-18.04.1931 | 275 |
| 23 Ordinary National Assembly | 20.08.1931-19.05.1934 | 283 |
| 24 Ordinary National Assembly | 22.05.1938-27.04.1939 | 160 |
| 25 Ordinary National Assembly | 24.02.1940-23.08.1944 | 160 |
| 26 Ordinary National Assembly | 15.12.1945-28.09.1946 | 279 |
| 6 Grand National Assembly | 07.11.1946-21.10.1949 | 465(375) |
| 1(27) National Assembly | 17.01.1950-02.11.1953 | 239 |
| 2(28) National Assembly | 14.01.1954-11.12.1957 | 249 |
| 3(29) National Assembly | 13.01.1958-04.11.1961 | 254 |
| 4(30) National Assembly | 15.03.1962-08.12.1965 | 321 |
| 5(31) National Assembly | 11.03.1966-18.05.1971 | 416 |
| 6(32) National Assembly | 07.07.1971-09.03.1976 | 400 |
| 7(33) National Assembly | 15.06.1976-07.04.1981 | 400 |
| 8(34) National Assembly | 16.06.1981-21.03.1986 | 400 |
| 9(35) National Assembly | 17.06.1986-03.04.1990 | 400 |
| 7 Grand National Assembly | 10.07.1990-02.10.1991 | 400 |
| 36 National Assembly | 04.11.1991-17.10.1994 | 240 |
| 37 National Assembly | 12.01.1995-13.02.1997 | 240 |
| 38 National Assembly | 07.05.1997-19.04.2001 | 240 |
| 39 National Assembly | 05.07.2001-17.06.2005 | 240 |
| 40 National Assembly | 11.07.2005- 27.06.2009 | 240 |
| 41 National Assembly | 14.07.2009–14.03.2013 | 240 |
| 42 National Assembly | 21.05.2013-06.08.2014 | 240 |
| 43 National Assembly | 27.10.2014-Present | 240 |
Parliamentary elections
Parliamentary elections have been held in Bulgaria since 1879. There was a period when partisan politics was banned from 1934 to 1944; in the wake of the Bulgarian coup d'état of 1934 and the sequential personal rule of Tsar Boris III. There was also period of single party system between 1945 and 1989, during the People's Republic of Bulgaria, during which only candidates sanctioned by authorities could run. This, in practice, gave the Bulgarian Communist Party and its collaborators a monopoly on power.
Until 1945 there was no universal suffrage for the women. The table below show the elections since 1990, when the government became a democratic republic.
All elections since 1990 have had 240 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies with a 4% threshold. The two elections that differed from this model was the 1990 Grand National Assembly election, where 400 representatives were elected: half by proportional representation and half by first-past-the-post voting. The other exception was the 2009 election when 209 representatives were elected by proportional representation and 31 through First Past the Post; seats corresponding to the provinces and the largest cities.
A petition was introduced into the Bulgarian Parliament on 10 March 2013 by an Initiative Committee presided by professor Georgi Bliznashki on proposed changes to the electoral code of Bulgaria.[1][2] These included reintroducing first-past-the-post voting alongside proportional representation, making voting compulsory and introducing electronic voting.[1] Supporters claimed to have 560,000 signatures for the petition,[3] more than the 500,000 required. However, the authentication processes nullified tens of thousands of signatures, although enough remained to require a parlimentary debate.[2] The debate came in June 2013 resulted in MPs rejecting the idea of holding a referendum.[4]
Recent elections
| Party | Votes | % | +/– | Seats | +/– | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GERB | 1,081,605 | 30.54 | -9.16 | 97 | −20 | |
| Coalition for Bulgaria | 942,541 | 26.61 | +8.91 | 84 | +44 | |
| Movement for Rights and Freedoms | 400,466 | 11.31 | -2.69 | 36 | -1 | |
| Attack | 258,481 | 7.30 | -2.10 | 23 | +2 | |
| National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria | 131,169 | 3.70 | new | 0 | new | |
| Bulgaria for Citizens Movement | 115,190 | 3.25 | new | 0 | new | |
| Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria | 103,638 | 2.93 | — | 0 | -5 | |
| IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement | 66,803 | 1.89 | new | 0 | new | |
| Lider | 61,482 | 1.74 | -1.56 | 0 | 0 | |
| Order, Law and Justice | 59,145 | 1.67 | -2.43 | 0 | -10 | |
| Center–Freedom and Dignity | 57,611 | 1.63 | new | 0 | new | |
| Union of Democratic Forces | 48,681 | 1.38 | — | 0 | -9 | |
| Others | 124,886 | — | — | 0 | — | |
| Invalid votes | 90,047 | — | — | — | — | |
| Votes cast (turnout: %) | 3,541,745 | 51.33 | — | — | — | |
| Registered voters | 6,919,260 | — | — | — | — | |
| Source: Electoral Commission of Bulgaria | ||||||
| Party | Votes | % | +/– | Seats | +/– | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GERB | 1,678,583 | 39.7 | new | 117 | new | |
| Coalition for Bulgaria | 748,114 | 17.7 | −13.3 | 40 | −42 | |
| Movement for Rights and Freedoms | 592,381 | 14.0 | +1.2 | 38 | +3 | |
| Attack | 395,707 | 9.4 | +1.3 | 21 | ±0 | |
| Blue Coalition | 285,671 | 6.8 | −7.3 | 15 | −22 | |
| Order, Law and Justice | 174,570 | 4.1 | new | 10 | new | |
| Lider | 137,795 | 3.3 | new | — | — | |
| National Movement for Stability and Progress | 127,470 | 3.0 | −16.9 | — | −53 | |
| The Greens | 21,841 | 0.5 | new | — | — | |
| For the Homeland | 11,524 | 0.3 | — | — | — | |
| Bulgarian Left Coalition | 8,762 | 0.2 | — | — | — | |
| Union of the Patriotic Forces | 6,426 | 0.2 | — | — | — | |
| Social Democrats | 5,004 | 0.1 | — | — | — | |
| Bulgarian New Democracy | 3,813 | 0.1 | — | — | — | |
| The Other Bulgaria | 3,455 | 0.1 | — | — | — | |
| Party of the Liberal Alternative and Peace | 2,828 | 0.1 | — | — | — | |
| Union of the Bulgarian Patriots | 2,175 | 0.1 | — | — | — | |
| National Movement for the Salvation of the Fatherland | 1,874 | 0.0 | — | — | — | |
| Total valid votes | 4,226,194 | 100.00 | — | 240 | — | |
| Invalid votes | 97,387 | 2.25 | — | — | — | |
| Votes cast (turnout: 60.20%) | 4,323,581 | 100.00 | — | — | — | |
| Registred voters | 7,129,965 | — | — | — | — | |
| Source: Bulgarian Parliament Electoral Commission of Bulgaria | ||||||
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/− | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coalition for Bulgaria | 1,129,196 | 31.0 | 82 | +34 | |
| National Movement Simeon II | 725,314 | 19.9 | 53 | −67 | |
| Movement for Rights and Freedoms | 467,400 | 12.8 | 34 | +13 | |
| National Union Attack | 296,848 | 8.1 | 21 | +21 | |
| United Democratic Forces | 280,323 | 7.7 | 20 | −31 | |
| Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria | 234,788 | 6.4 | 17 | +17 | |
| People's Union | 189,268 | 5.2 | 13 | +13 | |
| Others | 324,050 | 8.8 | 0 | - | |
| Total valid votes | 3,648,177 | 100.0 | 240 | - | |
| Invalid votes | 99,616 | ||||
| Votes cast (turnout: 55.8%) | 3,747,793 | ||||
| Registered voters in the main list | 6,720,941 | ||||
| Source: Electoral Commission of Bulgaria and Adam Carr's Electoral Archive | |||||
Presidential election
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Presidential elections are held since 1992. The last were held in 2011.
| Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | ||
| Rosen Plevneliev | GERB | 1,349,380 | 40.11 | 1,698,136 | 52.58 |
| Ivaylo Kalfin | Bulgarian Socialist Party | 974,300 | 28.96 | 1,531,193 | 47.42 |
| Meglena Kuneva | Initiative committee | 470,808 | 14.00 | ||
| Volen Siderov | Attack | 122,466 | 3.64 | ||
| Stefan Solakov | National Front for Salvation of Bulgaria | 84,205 | 2.50 | ||
| Rumen Hristov | Union of Democratic Forces | 65,761 | 1.95 | ||
| Atanas Semov | Order, Law and Justice | 61,797 | 1.84 | ||
| Svetoslav Vitkov | Initiative committee | 54,125 | 1.61 | ||
| Sali Ibrayim | National Movement Unity | 41,837 | 1.24 | ||
| Krasimir Karakachanov | IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement | 33,236 | 0.99 | ||
| Aleksey Petrov | Initiative committee | 31,613 | 0.94 | ||
| Maria Kapon | United People's Party | 30,665 | 0.91 | ||
| Nikolay Nenchev | Bulgarian Agrarian National Union | 9,827 | 0.29 | ||
| Pavel Chernev | Party for the People of the Nation | 8,081 | 0.24 | ||
| Ventsislav Yosifov | Initiative committee | 7,021 | 0.21 | ||
| Dimitar Kutsarov | Initiative committee | 6,989 | 0.21 | ||
| Andrey Chorbanov | Bulgarian Democratic Unity | 6,340 | 0.19 | ||
| Nikolay Vasilev | Initiative committee | 5,633 | 0.17 | ||
| Total valid votes | 3,364,084 | 100 | 3,229,329 | 100 | |
| Invalid/blank votes | 229,844 | 6.40 | 104,837 | 3.14 | |
| Votes cast | 3,593,928 | 100 | 3,334,166 | 100 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | 6,873,589 | 52.29 | 6,910,491 | 48.25 | |
| Source: Electoral Commission of Bulgaria | |||||
| Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | ||
| Georgi Parvanov | Bulgarian Socialist Party | 1,780,119 | 64.047% | 2,050,488 | 75.948% |
| Volen Siderov | Attack | 597,175 | 21.486% | 649,387 | 24.052% |
| Nedelcho Beronov | Union of Democratic Forces | 271,078 | 9.753% | ||
| Georgi Markov | Order, Law and Justice | 75,478 | 2.716% | ||
| Petar Beron | Initiative committee | 21,812 | 0.785% | ||
| Grigor Velev | Аll in one Bulgaria | 19,857 | 0.714% | ||
| Lyuben Petrov | Initiative committee | 13,854 | 0.498% | ||
| Total / turnout | 2,856,734 (44.3%) | 100.000% | 2,757,441 (42.8%) | 100.000% | |
| Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | ||
| Georgi Parvanov | Bulgarian Socialist Party | 1,032,665 | 36.4% | 2,043,443 | 54.1% |
| Petar Stoyanov | Union of Democratic Forces | 991,680 | 34.9% | 1,731,676 | 45.9% |
| Bogomil Bonev | Citizens' Party of Bulgaria | 546,801 | 19.3% | ||
| Reneta Indzhova | Democratic Alliance | 139,680 | 4.9% | ||
| George Ganchev | Bulgarian Business Block | 95,481 | 3.4% | ||
| Petar Beron | Union for Bulgaria | 31,394 | 1.1% | ||
| Total valid votes / turnout | 2,850,297 (41.6%) | 100.0% | 3,784,036 (54.9%) | 100.0% | |
| Source: President of Bulgaria and Demetra/BAN | |||||
Summary of the 1996 Bulgarian presidential election results:
| Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | ||
| Petar Stoyanov | Union of Democratic Forces | 1,889,825 | 44.1 | 2,502,517 | 59.7 |
| Ivan Marazov | Bulgarian Socialist Party | 1,158,204 | 27.0 | 1,687,242 | 40.3 |
| George Ganchev | Bulgarian Business Bloc | 937,686 | 21.9 | ||
| Aleksander Tomov | Independent | 135,571 | 3.2 | ||
| Hristo Boychev | Movement for the Protection of Retired, Unemployed and Poor People | 57,668 | 1.3 | ||
| Vera Ilieva | Bulgarian Communist Party | 34,004 | 0.8 | ||
| Slavomir Tsankov | Union of Democratic Forces and Movements "Era 3" | 22,724 | 0.5 | ||
| Ivan Stoyanov | Democratic Party in Bulgaria | 14,659 | 0.3 | ||
| Mincho Minchev | Patriotic Party of Labour | 13,567 | 0.3 | ||
| Mitko Dimitrov | Alliance for the Preservation of Bulgaria's Wealth | 7,793 | 0.2 | ||
| Lyubomir Stefanov | Alternative Socialist Alliance | 6,056 | 0.1 | ||
| Dimitar Markovski | Free Cooperative Party | 5,823 | 0.1 | ||
| Iliyan Nikolov | Bulgarian National Ecological Party Veliko Tarnovo | 4,920 | 0.1 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 28,662 | – | 25,412 | – | |
| Total | 4,317,161 (63.3%) | 100 | 4,215,145 (61.8%) | 100 | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver, University of Essex | |||||
Summary of the 1992 Bulgarian presidential election results:
| Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | ||
| Zhelyu Zhelev | Union of Democratic Forces | 2,261,913 | 44.4 | 2,738,436 | 52.8 |
| Velko Valkanov | Bulgarian Socialist Party | 1,546,843 | 30.4 | 2,443,435 | 47.2 |
| George Ganchev | Bulgarian Business Bloc | 853,044 | 16.8 | ||
| Blagovest Sendov-Ognyan Saparev | Independent | 113,897 | 2.2 | ||
| Other candidates | 315,482 | 6.2 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 48,712 | – | 24,382 | – | |
| Total | 5,139,891 (75.4%) | 100 | 5,206,253 (75.2%) | 100 | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | |||||
European Parliament elections
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Referendums
Four nationwide referendums have been held in Bulgaria since it gained its De Facto independence in 1878:
- On 19 November 1922 the question was if criminals from the three previous wars were to be prosecuted;[5]
- On 8 September 1946 the question was if Bulgaria was to remain a monarchy to become a republic;[6]
- On 16 May 1971 the nation's approval of a new constitution was asked;[7]
- On 27 January 2013 the question was if Bulgaria should develop its nuclear power by building a new nuclear power plant.[8][9]
Several regional referendums have been held as well.
Local elections
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
See also
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Cite error: Invalid <references> tag; parameter "group" is allowed only.
<references />, or <references group="..." />External links
- Blog in English about the Bulgarian elections in 2009
- Adam Carr's Election Archive
- Ms Lyubka Savkova's Bulgarian Party Politics and Public Opinion Research Website hosted by the University of Sussex
- Parties and Elections
- Народно събрание на Република България/National Assembly of the Republic of Bulgaria
- Bulgarian News Agency
- Blog in English about the Bulgarian elections in 2009
- NSD: European Election Database - Bulgaria publishes regional level election data; allows for comparisons of election results, 1990-2009
 Elections and referendums in Bulgaria |
|
|---|---|
| Parliamentary elections |
|
| Presidential elections | |
| Local elections | |
| European elections | |
| Eastern Rumelia elections | |
| Referendums | |
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Bulgarien, 19. November 1922 : Anklage gegen Kriegsverbrecher Direct Democracy
- ↑ Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p368 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
- ↑ Nohlen & Stöver, p368
- ↑ Q&A: Bulgaria's nuclear energy referendum BBC News, 25 January 2013
- ↑ Bulgarians vote in referendum on nuclear energy Deutsche Welle
