Haplogroup HIJK
| Haplogroup HIJK | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | approx. 45,000-50,000 BCE (i.e. similar to estimates for Haplogroups GHIJK, H and IJK) |
| Possible place of origin | South West Asia or South Asia |
| Ancestor | Haplogroup GHIJK |
| Descendants | H, IJK |
| Defining mutations | F929/M578/PF3494/S6397[1] |
Haplogroup HIJK, defined by the SNPs F929, M578, PF3494 and S6397,[1] is a common Y-chromosome haplogroup. Like its parent macrohaplogroup GHIJK, Haplogroup HIJK and its subclades comprise the vast majority of the world's male population.
HIJK branches subsequently into two direct descendants: IJK (L15/M523/PF3492/S137) and H (L901/M2939). IJK in turn splits into IJ (F-L15) and K (M9). The descendants of Haplogroup IJ are haplogroups I and J, while Haplogroup K is, ultimately, the ancestor of major haplogroups M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, L, and T.
Distribution
The basal paragroup HIJK* has not been identified in living males or ancient remains.
Populations with high proportions of males who belong to descendant major haplogroups of Haplogroup HIJK live across widely dispersed areas and populations.
South Asia was where Haplogroup H (L901/M2939) almost certainly originated, and became concentrated before the mass migrations of the modern era. South Asia was also where two haplogroups descended ultimately from IJK (L15/M523/PF3492/S137) remained concentrated and/or prominent, namely Haplogroups L and R.
Males belonging to other subclades of IJK are concentrated in:
- Europe (e. g. haplogroups I, R and N);
- the Middle East and North East Africa (e. g. haplogroups J and T);
- South East Asia and many Pacific Islands (e. g. haplogroups K, M, O, P, S)
- northern Eurasia (e. g. haplogroups N and Q) and;
- many Native American peoples (e. g. haplogroup Q) outside Alaska and Western Canada.
Footnotes
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Genetics
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Backbone Tree
| Evolutionary tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups [χ 1][χ 2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Y-chromosomal Adam" | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A00 | A0-T [χ 3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A0 | A1[χ 4] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A1a | A1b | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A1b1 | BT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| B | CT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DE | CF | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| D | E | C | F | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| F1 | F2 | F3 | GHIJK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| G | HIJK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| H | IJK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IJ | K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| I | J | LT [χ 5] | K2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L | T | NO [χ 6] | K2b [χ 7] | K2c | K2d | K2e [χ 8] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| N | O | K2b1 [χ 9] | P | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| M | S [χ 10] | Q | R | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- ↑ 1.0 1.1 ISOGG, 2015, Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015 (8 September 2015).
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