Hokkaido Shinkansen

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Hokkaido Shinkansen
H5系 H1編成 仙台駅入線.JPG
An H5 series Shinkansen undergoing testing in November 2015
Overview
Native name 北海道新幹線
Type Shinkansen
Status Operational
Locale Japan
Termini Shin-Aomori
Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto
Stations 4
Operation
Opened 26 March 2016
Owner JR logo (hokkaido).svg JR Hokkaido
Rolling stock E5 series, H5 series
Technical
Line length 148.9 km
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
Electrification 25 kV AC, 50 Hz, overhead catenary
Operating speed 260 km/h (160 mph)
140 km/h (85 mph) (through Seikan Tunnel)
Route map
Map of Hokkaido Shinkansen.png
A chart showing proposed journey times between Tokyo and Sapporo as the Hokkaido Shinkansen is extended.
The dual-gauge Kaikyo Line near Kikonai Station in March 2016

The Hokkaido Shinkansen (北海道新幹線 Hokkaidō Shinkansen?) is a Japanese high-speed shinkansen rail line operating between Aomori Prefecture in Honshu and Hokkaido through the undersea Seikan Tunnel. Construction started in May 2005, and the initial Shin-Aomori to Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto section opened on 26 March 2016.[1] Extension of the line to Sapporo is scheduled to open by March 2031.[2] The line is operated by the Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido).[3]

Associated actions

In preparation for the opening of the Hokkaido Shinkansen, the Seikan Tunnel (Kaikyō Line) and associated approaches (approximately 82 km in total[2]) were converted to dual gauge, with both the Shinkansen 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard and 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) narrow gauge tracks.[4]

Upon the opening of the Shinkansen line the section of the conventional (narrow gauge) Esashi Line approximately paralleling the same route between Goryōkaku and Kikonai was transferred from the control of JR Hokkaido to a newly established third-sector railway operating company, South Hokkaido Railway Company, becoming the Isaribi Line.[5]

Operations

Service types

Two train service types operate on the Hokkaido Shinkansen: limited-stop Hayabusa services between Tokyo or Sendai and Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto, and semi-fast Hayate services between Morioka or Shin-Aomori and Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto.

Under the initial timetable, ten return Hayabusa services operate daily between Tokyo and Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto and one return service operates daily between Shin-Aomori and Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto. One return Hayate service operates daily between Morioka and Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto, and one return service daily operates between Shin-Aomori and Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto.[6]

Operating speed

At present the maximum speed on the approximately 82 km dual-gauge section (including through the Seikan Tunnel) is 140 km/h (85 mph).[2] There are approximately 50 freight trains utilising the dual-gauge section each day, so limiting the travel of such trains to times outside of Shinkansen services is not an option. Because of this and other weather-related factors cited by JR East and JR Hokkaido, the fastest journey time between Tokyo and Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto is currently 4 hours, 2 minutes.[7] The new section takes 61 minutes from Shin-Aomori to Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto on the fastest services.[7]

By 2018, it is proposed to allow one Shinkansen service each day to travel at 260 km/h (160 mph) (the maximum speed proposed for the tunnel) by ensuring no freight trains are scheduled to travel on the dual-gauge section at that time. To achieve the full benefit of Shinkansen trains travelling on the dual-gauge section at 260 km/h (160 mph), other alternatives are being considered, such as a system to automatically slow Shinkansen trains down to 200 km/h (125 mph) when passing narrow-gauge trains, and loading freight trains onto special "Train on Train" standard-gauge trains (akin to a covered piggyback flatcar train) built to withstand the shock wave of oncoming Shinkansen trains traveling at full speed. This would enable a travel time from Tokyo to Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto of 3 hours and 45 minutes.

Stations

Station name Japanese Distance (km) Transfers Location
Opened 26 March 2016
Shin-Aomori 新青森 0.0 Ōu Main Line, Tohoku Shinkansen (through-service) Aomori Aomori
Okutsugaru-Imabetsu 奥津軽いまべつ 38.5 Tsugaru Line (Tsugaru-Futamata)
Tsugaru-Kaikyō Line		 Imabetsu
Seikan Tunnel
Kikonai 木古内 113.3 Esashi Line, Kaikyō Line Kikonai Hokkaido
Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto 新函館北斗 148.9 Hakodate Main Line Hokuto
Under construction. Scheduled to open during fiscal year 2030
Shin-Yakumo[* 1] 新八雲 203.0 Yakumo Hokkaido
Oshamambe 長万部 236.1 Hakodate Main Line, Muroran Main Line Oshamambe
Kutchan 倶知安 290.2 Hakodate Main Line Kutchan
Shin-Otaru[* 1] 新小樽 328.2 Otaru
Sapporo 札幌 360.2 Chitose Line, Hakodate Main Line, Sasshō Line (Gakuen-Toshi Line)
Namboku Line, Tōhō Line		 Kita-ku, Sapporo

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Rolling stock

All services are formed of 10-car JR East E5 or JR Hokkaido H5 series trainsets.[6]

In February 2014, JR Hokkaido placed an order for four 10-car H5 Series Shinkansen trainsets for use on Hokkaido Shinkansen services from March 2016.[8] Based on the E5 series trainsets operated by JR East since 2011, the order for 40 vehicles cost approximately 18 billion yen.[8] The first two sets of the order are scheduled to be delivered to Hakodate Depot by road from Hakodate Port in October 2014, with test running commencing before the end of the year.[9] The remaining two sets on order are scheduled to be delivered in 2015.[9] The vehicles feature the usual upper green and lower white livery, with a purple stripe in the middle. The color purple was chosen to represent the purple flowers of Hokkaido: lilacs, lupine and lavender. Inside, the ordinary-class cars feature wood paneling and carpet with a snowflake motif. Business class features cream-colored walls representing the local dairy industry and carpet with a drift-ice motif. Gran class features dark blue carpets, said to be modeled after the shimmering lakes and bodies of water along the route.[10]

  • A JR East E5 series train

  • A JR Hokkaido H5 series train in March 2016

History

In the early 1970s, two other Shinkansen routes were proposed for Hokkaido: Sapporo - Asahikawa (Hokkaido Shinkansen extension) and Oshamambe - Muroran – Sapporo (Hokkaido South Route). There were also further unofficial plans to connect to Abashiri, Kushiro, and Wakkanai. These plans have been indefinitely shelved.

On 1 November 2014, a ceremony was held at Kikonai Station to mark the completion of track-laying for the line between Shin-Aomori and Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto.[11]

Test-running on the Hokkaido Shinkansen tracks within Hokkaido commenced from 1 December 2014, initially at low speeds, with the speed due to be raised to the maximum of 260 km/h later during the month.[12] Test-running was extended through the Seikan Tunnel to Oku-Tsugaru-Imabetsu in December 2014.[13] Test-running south of Oku-Tsugaru-Imabetsu commenced on 21 April 2015, with the first train reaching Shin-Aomori Station from the north in the early hours of 24 May.[13]

Future plans

JR Hokkaido is extending the Hokkaido Shinkansen from Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto to Sapporo, planned to open by March 2031.[2] Tunneling work on the 5,265 m (17,274 ft) Murayama tunnel, situated about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) north of Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto station commenced in March 2015, and is scheduled to be completed by March 2021. The 211.3 km extension will be approximately 76% in tunnels, including major tunnels such as Oshima (26.5 km), Teine (18.8 km) and Shiribeshi (18 km).[14]

If Hokkaido Shinkansen services are ultimately able to be operated at speeds of up to 360 km/h (225 mph), the estimated journey time from Tokyo to Sapporo would be 5 hours and 1 minute.[15]

References

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External links

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  14. ↑ http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/000215188.pdf
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.


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