John Milton Niles

This article is about the lawyer and politician. For other uses, see John Niles.

John Milton Niles
United States Senator Connecticut
In office March 4, 1843 – March 4, 1849
Preceded by	Perry Smith
Succeeded by	Truman Smith
In office December 14, 1835 – March 4, 1839
Preceded by	Nathan Smith
Succeeded by	Thaddeus Betts
9th United States Postmaster General
In office May 19, 1840 – March 4, 1841
Preceded by	Amos Kendall
Succeeded by	Francis Granger
Personal details
Born	(1787-08-20)August 20, 1787 Windsor, Connecticut, U.S.
Died	Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.
Political party	Democratic-Republican Democratic Free Soil Republican
Spouse(s)	Sarah Robinson Niles (1824, her death) Jane Pratt Niles
Profession	Lawyer, editor, writer, politician

John Milton Niles (August 20, 1787 – May 31, 1856) was a lawyer, editor, author and politician from Connecticut, serving in the United States Senate and as United States Postmaster General 1840 to 1841.

Biography

Born in Windsor, Connecticut, Niles received a common school education and studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1817 and practiced in Hartford, Connecticut. There, he also established a newspaper, the "Hartford Weekly Times", in 1817, where he worked as an editor as well as a contributor for over thirty years. He published two other papers, the Gazatteer of Connecticut and Rhode Island, and The Independent Whig. He married Sarah Robinson on June 17, 1824. After her death on November 23, 1824, he married Jane Pratt on November 26, 1845.

Career

Niles became active in Democratic Party politics and a supporter of states-rights doctrines. In 1820 he was appointed an associate judge in the Hartford County Court, but didn't start until 1821. He served until 1826 when he was elected to the Connecticut House of Representatives. Unsuccessful for reelection, he continued practing law. In 1829 he was appointed Postmaster of Hartford, serving this position until 1836. He failed to be elected to an at-large Connecticut Representative seat.

After the demise of Whig senator Nathan Smith, Niles was elected as a class one senator to fill his seat, serving from 1835 to 1839. There, he served as chairman of the Committee on Manufactures in the 24th and 25th congresses. He was not a candidate for reelection. In 1839 and in 1840 he was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Governor of Connecticut, losing to William W. Ellsworth.

Appointed United States Postmaster General by President Martin Van Buren in 1840, Niles served until the end of the administration in 1841. As Postmaster General he ended delivery of mail on Sunday. He returned to the Senate as a class three senator in 1844. He was actually elected in 1842 and was to start in 1843, but ill health and a credentials challenge kept him out until the next year. When he was a US Senator, in 1845, he cast the deciding vote admitting Texas to the Union as a slave state, though he was against slavery. He served from March 4, 1843, to March 3, 1849, and declined for reelection. Associating with the Free Soil Party campaign of his friend Van Buren in 1848, he became their candidate for governor in 1849. He spent some time in Europe from 1851 to 1852.

Death

In his latter years, Niles pursued horticulture. He had no children and bequeathed his library to the Connecticut Historical Society and left $70,000 in trust to the city of Hartford as a charity fund, the income of which he directed to be annually distributed to the poor. He was Connecticut's member on the original Republican National Committee in February 1856.

Niles died in Hartford on May 30, 1856, (age 68 years, 285 days). He is interned at town at Old North Cemetery, Hartford, Connecticut.

Published works

• The Life of Oliver Hazard Perry (1820)
• The Connecticut Civil Officer (1823)
• A View of South America and Mexico, Comprising Their History, the Political Condition, Geography, Agriculture, Commerce, & c. of the Republics of Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Peru, the United Provinces of South America and Chile, with a Complete History of the Revolution, in Each of These Independent States (two volumes, 1826)
• History of South America and Mexico: Comprising Their Discovery, Geography, Politics, Commerce and Revolutions (two volumes, 1838)

External links

• John Milton Niles at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

• John Milton Niles at Find A Grave

Political offices
Preceded by Amos Kendall	United States Postmaster General Served under: Martin Van Buren May 19, 1840 – March 4, 1841	Succeeded by Francis Granger
United States Senate
Preceded by Nathan Smith	Senator from Connecticut (Class 1) December 14, 1835 – March 4, 1839 Served alongside: Gideon Tomlinson and Perry Smith	Succeeded by Thaddeus Betts
Preceded by Perry Smith	Senator from Connecticut (Class 3) March 4, 1843 – March 4, 1849 Served alongside: Jabez W. Huntington and Roger S. Baldwin	Succeeded by Truman Smith