Juan Almeida Bosque

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This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Almeida and the second or maternal family name is Bosque.
Juan Almeida
Almeida-63.jpg
Almeida in 1963
Born (1927-02-17)February 17, 1927
Havana, Cuba
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Havana, Cuba

Juan Almeida Bosque (February 17, 1927 – September 11, 2009[1]) was a Cuban politician and one of the original commanders of the Cuban Revolution. After the 1959 revolution, he was a prominent figure in the Communist Party of Cuba; at the time of his death in 2009, he was a Vice-President of the Cuban Council of State and was its third ranking member. He received several decorations, and both national and international awards, including the title of "Hero of the Republic of Cuba" and the Order of Máximo Gómez.[2]

Early life and revolution

Almeida was born in Havana. He left school at the age of eleven and became a bricklayer.[3] Whilst studying law at the University of Havana in 1952, he became close friends with the revolutionary Fidel Castro and in March of that year joined the Cuban Revolution. In 1953 he joined Fidel and his brother Raúl Castro in the assault on the Moncada Barracks in Santiago, and was arrested and imprisoned with the Castro brothers in the Isle of Pines Prison.[1][4] During the amnesty of May 15, 1955, he was released and transferred to Mexico.

Almeida returned to Cuba with the Castro brothers, Che Guevara and 78 other revolutionaries on the Granma expedition, and was one of just 12 who survived the initial landing, during which Cuban government forces killed most of the rebels.[1] Almeida is often credited with shouting "No one here gives up!" (alternatively "here, nobody surrenders") to Guevara, which would become a long-lived slogan of the Cuban revolution, although the quote was actually said by Camilo Cienfuegos.[5] Almeida was also reputed to be a good marksman.[6] Following the landing, Almeida continued to fight Fulgencio Batista's government forces in the guerilla war in the Sierra Maestra mountain range.[1] In 1958, he was promoted to Commander and head of the Santiago Column of the Revolutionary Army.[4] During the revolution, as a black man in a prominent position, he served as a symbol to Afro-Cubans of change from Cuba's discriminatory past.[6]

Post-revolution

After the success of the Cuban revolution in January 1959, Almeida commanded large parts of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Cuba. In April 1961, during the Bay of Pigs Invasion, as Major Juan Almeida, he was head of the Central Army, with headquarters in Santa Clara, Cuba. Later he was promoted to General, was chosen as a member of the central committee and political bureau, and held a number of other government positions.[4]

He was honoured with the title of Commander of the Revolution, and at the time of his death was one of just three living holders of that title, the others being Guillermo García and Ramiro Valdés.[1]

In 1998, Almeida was named a "Hero of the Republic of Cuba" by Fidel Castro.[7] Almeida also headed the National Association of Veterans and Combatants of the Revolution. His interests included writing and music, of which several books and recordings have been made, including the popular trilogy Military prison, Exile and Disembarkation. He was also a songwriter and one of his songs, "Dame un traguito" (English:"Give me a Sip") was popular in Cuba for several years.[7]

In 2005, a book entitled Ultimate Sacrifice was published, alleging that Almeida had been picked by the Kennedy administration as the key power figure in a plot to remove Castro. The plot was called AMWORLD or C-Day and was run by Robert Kennedy. It was set to launch on Dec. 1, 1963, but was aborted by John F. Kennedy's assassination a week earlier, which the narrative attributes to a revenge slaying by Mafia figures prosecuted by the Kennedys.

Death

On September 11, 2009, Juan Almeida died of a heart attack, aged 82.[7] On September 13, a memorial ceremony was held in the Plaza de la Revolución in Havana, with several other memorials occurring across Cuba. A national day of mourning was also declared, with flags flown at half mast.[8] The memorial service was attended by tens of thousands of his countrymen, who queued across the Plaza to view a large photograph of Almeida.[9] The service was initiated by President Raúl Castro, who placed a pink rose in front of the photograph, but did not make a statement.[9] Fidel Castro, who at the time had not been seen in public since resigning as president in 2008, did not attend the ceremony, but did release a statement praising Almeida's "exemplary conduct during more than half a century of heroic and victorious resistance".[9] Fidel Castro also sent a wreath to the memorial, which was placed alongside one from Raúl Castro.[10] Other senior government and Communist Party members also attended the ceremony.[10]

Internationally, there were several tributes. The President of Vietnam, Nguyen Minh Triet, sent a message to Raúl Castro, in which he expressed his sadness, describing Almeida as a great friend of the Vietnamese people who contributed to the ties of solidarity between the two nations.[11] In Bolivia, the Coco and Inti Peredo Foundation (named after two brothers who died alongside Che Guevara) paid tribute as well.[11] The Secretary of the Colombian Communist Party, Jaime Caicebo, also expressed his condolencess.[11] Additionally, a musical homage was held in Moscow where the collection of Almeida's songs entitled "El Bolero Cubano" (Cuban Ballads) were to be released for the first time in Russian translation.[12]

Almeida did not want his body to lie in state.[1] He was given a military funeral at a mausoleum in the mountains near Santiago de Cuba, an area in which he had fought during the revolution.[10][13]

Notes

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References

External links

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
  2. ↑ Revolution Commander Juan Almeida Bosque Passes Away on Friday by the Cuban News Agency, September 12, 2009
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Castro/Ramonet (2007), p. 681
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Sorrow for Almeida´s Decease Continue by the Cuban News Agency
  12. ↑ Juan Almeida, Forever Alive. Homage in Moscow by Marta O. Carreras Rivery, September 16, 2009
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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