Juan Zaragüeta

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File:Juan Zaragüeta Bengoechea 1910 inguruan.jpg
Juan Zaragüeta c. 1910

Juan Zaragüeta y Bengoechea (26 January 1883 – 22 December 1974) was a Spanish Roman Catholic priest, philosopher, psychologist and pedagogue.

Biography

Juan Zaragüeta was born at Orio, Gipuzkoa in the Basque Country. He completed his ecclesiastical studies at the Seminaries of Vitoria and Zaragoza. He obtained a doctorate in Theology and a degree in Law in 1903. In 1905 he moved to Louvain, where he received his doctorate in Philosophy in 1908. Later he also received his doctorate at the University of Madrid in 1914.

His life was fruitful in activity, research and teaching: professor of Philosophy at the Seminary of Madrid; of Religion and Morals and of Law and Social Economy at the Escuela Superior de Magisterio; professor of Psychology at the University of Madrid (from 1932 until his retirement in 1953)[1]; member of Number and perpetual Secretary of the Royal Academy of Moral and Political Sciences[2]; director of the Luis Vives Institute of Philosophy and of the School of Psychology of the University; honorary advisor of the C.S.I.C., member of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences of Paris, of the International Institute of Philosophy, of the Société Philosophique de Louvain, etc.

He was a disciple of Cardinal Mercier at the University of Louvain. His intellectual work has been presided over by the attention to the perennial philosophy, which, following the scholastic tradition, Mercier knew how to awaken. He can be considered the maximum representative of Spanish Neo-scholasticism in the 20th century. The so-called critical realism, typical of the neo-scholastics of the Louvain School, is associated in Zaragüeta with a certain vitalism, although it is rather an interest and special dedication to the philosophical themes more related to life, such as the psychological and pedagogical ones, which he cultivated perfectly, as well as others of linguistics, philosophy and social ethics, religion, etc. At the same time he was very attentive to the progress of natural-scientific thought and its discoveries, always warning how the quantification of reality, typical of natural-physical science, was not the adequate mental level or method to understand the essences of things.

Zaragüeta is noted for his acute analysis and by his terminological precision, to which he attaches great importance, thus sometimes achieving harmonious syntheses that overcome positions that seemed irreducible. His philosophy is both classical and modern, metaphysical and phenomenological, essential and existential. He is the most philosophical of pedagogues and the most pedagogical of modern Spanish philosophers. From his chair he influenced Xavier Zubiri[3], Marías, Yela[4] and other Spanish philosophers.

He was one of the signatories of the founding manifesto of the Christian Democracy Group.

Works

  • La Sociología de Gabriel Tarde (1909)
  • El Problema del Alma Ante la Psicología Experimental (1910)
  • Teoría Psicogenética de la Voluntad (1914)
  • Contribución del Lenguaje a la Filosofía de los Valores (1920)
  • El Cristianismo como Doctrina de Vida y como Vida (1939)
  • El Concepto Católico de la Vida según el Card. Mercier (1941; 2 volumes)
  • La Intuición en la Filosofía de Henri Bergson (1941)
  • El Lenguaje y la Filosofía (1945)
  • Filosofía y Vida ( 1950-54; 3 volumes)
  • Pedagogía Fundamental (1953)
  • Vocabulario Filosófico (1955)
  • Los Veinte Temas que he Cultivado en Mis Cincuenta Años de Labor Filosófica (1958)
  • Aspectos Sociales del Desarrollo Económico (1961)
  • Estudios Filosóficos (1963)
  • Espiritualidad Cristiana (1967)
  • Curso de Filosofía (1968; 3 volumes)
  • Cuarenta Años de Periodismo (1971; collection of more than 200 articles published between 1930-1970, mainly philosophical and sociological, for which he received the National Prize for Literature in 1971)

He also edited and revised Fundamentos de Filosofía, based on notes and writings by García Morente.

Notes

  1. ↑ Álvarez de Linera, Antonio (1953). "En la Jubilación de D. Juan Zaragüeta: Su Vida, Sus Obras, Su Concepción Filosófica," Revista de Filosofía, Vol. XII, pp. 177–89.
  2. ↑ Cordero Torres, J. M. (1975). "En la Muerte del Secretario Perpetuo," Anales de la Real Academía de Ciencias Morales y Políticas, Vol. LII, pp. 9–14.
  3. ↑ Orden Jiménez, Rafael V. (2008). "Juan Zaragüeta y Xavier Zubiri: Los Heterodoxos Escolásticos de la Escuela de Madrid." In: Santiago López-Ríos Moreno & Juan Antonio González Cárceles, eds., La Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de Madrid en la Segunda República: Arquitectura y Universidad durante los años 30. Madrid: SECC/Ayuntamiento de Madrid/Fundación Cultural COAM, pp. 250–61.
  4. ↑ Estornés Zubizarreta, Idoia. "Zaragüeta Bengochea, Juan". In: Enciclopedia Auñamendi.

References

External links

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