LGBT rights in Pennsylvania

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Lua error in Module:Infobox at line 235: malformed pattern (missing ']'). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania face some legal challenges and discrimination not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Same-sex sexual activity is legal in Pennsylvania. Same-sex couples and families headed by same-sex couples are not eligible for all of the protections available to opposite-sex married couples. Pennsylvania was the final Mid-Atlantic state without same-sex marriage, indeed lacking any form of same-sex recognition law until its statutory ban was overturned on May 20, 2014.

Law regarding same-sex sexual activity

Pennsylvania has repealed its sodomy statutes incrementally. In 1972, legislation legalized consensual sodomy for heterosexual married couples. In 1980, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania ruling in Commonwealth v. Bonadio found Pennsylvania's sodomy law unconstitutional as violating the equal protection guarantees of both the state and federal constitutions.[1] Pennsylvania repealed its remaining sodomy laws in 1995.

Recognition of same-sex relationships

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Main article: Same-sex marriage in Pennsylvania
Map of Pennsylvania counties, cities, and boroughs that offer domestic partner benefits either county-wide or in particular cities.
  City offers domestic partner benefits
  County-wide partner benefits through domestic partnership
  County or city does not offer domestic partner benefits

Same-sex marriage was legalized in Pennsylvania on May 20, 2014, when U.S. District Court Judge John E. Jones III ruled in Whitewood v. Wolf that the state's statutory ban on such marriages was unconstitutional.[2] After the ACLU filed the lawsuit in federal court on July 9, 2013, Attorney General Kathleen Kane said she would refuse to defend the statute.[3]

Previously, Pennsylvania did not recognize same-sex marriages, civil unions, or domestic partnerships. Attempts had been made in recent years to allow for such unions. There had also been attempts to amend the State Constitution to prohibit same-sex marriage.

Local domestic partnerships

While domestic partnerships were never offered statewide, the city of Philadelphia offers 'life partnerships' in the case of a "long-term committed relationship between two unmarried individuals of the same gender who are residents of the City of Philadelphia; or one of whom is employed in the City, owns real property in the City, owns and operates a business in the City, or is a recipient of or has a vested interest in employee benefits from the City of Philadelphia."[4][5] The city of Pittsburgh also provides domestic partnerships.[6] County employees in Luzerne County are required to identify if they are in a domestic partnership, which is explicitly defined as being between people of the same gender.[7]

Parenting and adoption

Pennsylvania allows a single person to adopt without respect to sexual orientation.[8]

Until 2002, Pennsylvania did not permit second-parent adoption by a person of the same sex as the first parent. A 6-0 ruling by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania established the right of same-sex couples to second-parent adoptions.[9] No statute prohibits a same-sex couple from adopting a child jointly.[8]

Hate crime legislation

Pennsylvania passed a hate crime law in 2002 that covered LGBT people,[10] but the Pennsylvania Supreme Court struck it down in 2008 on a technicality: legislators inserted the language into an unrelated bill on agricultural terrorism, changing that bill's purpose during the legislative process, which violates the Pennsylvania Constitution.[11] Legislation was introduced in several sessions to reinstate the law, but it never made it out of committee.[12][13][14]

Discrimination protections

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Further information: LGBT employment discrimination in the United States
Map of Pennsylvania counties, cities, townships, boroughs, and unincorporated communities that have sexual orientation and/or gender identity anti–employment discrimination ordinances
  Sexual orientation and gender identity with anti–employment discrimination ordinance
  Sexual orientation with anti–employment discrimination ordinance and gender identity solely in public employment
  Sexual orientation and gender identity solely in public employment

There are statewide executive orders protecting LGBT individuals from workplace discrimination. In 1975, Pennsylvania became the first U.S. state in which an executive order was issued providing for discrimination protection on the basis of sexual orientation in state employment.[15] In 2003, gender identity was added to this executive order and the order has been reissued by every governor since then. On April 7, 2016, Governor Tom Wolf signed two executive orders, the first order prohibiting discrimination against state employees based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, HIV status and other factors and the second mandate banning state contractors from discriminating against their LGBT employees.[16]

For more than ten years, legislation that would protect LGBT people statewide from discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity has awaited action in the Pennsylvania General Assembly.[17] On December 17, 2013, Governor Tom Corbett announced his support for such legislation with respect to sexual orientation after learning that federal law did not already provide such protection as he had previously thought. He said he anticipated bipartisan support for the legislation.[18]

Many Pennsylvania municipalities and counties, including the five most populous cities, have enacted ordinances implementing such discrimination protections.[19]

Gender reassignment

Sex and gender changes are legal in the state.

Summary table

Homosexuality legal Yes (since 1980)
Gays allowed to serve in the military Yes (since 2011)
Equal age of consent Yes
Homosexuality declassified as an illness Yes (since 1973)
Anti-discrimination laws for sexual orientation No
Anti-discrimination laws for gender identity or expression No
Recognition of same-sex couples as domestic partners Yes (since 2014)
Step adoption by same-sex couples Yes (since 2002)
Joint adoption by same-sex couples Yes
Access to IVF for lesbians Yes
Same-sex marriages Yes (since 2014)
MSMs allowed to donate blood No

See also

References

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  15. ↑ Rimmerman, Craig A., Kenneth D. Wald, Clyde Wilcox. (2000). In The Politics of Gay Rights. University of Chicago Press. p. 272. ISBN 0-226-71999-5. Retrieved on January 23, 2011.
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