Leucine-rich repeat
An example of a leucine-rich repeat protein, a porcine ribonuclease inhibitor
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| Identifiers | |||||||||
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| Symbol | LRR_1 | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF00560 | ||||||||
| Pfam clan | CL0022 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR001611 | ||||||||
| SCOP | 2bnh | ||||||||
| SUPERFAMILY | 2bnh | ||||||||
| OPM protein | 1xwd | ||||||||
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| Leucine rich repeat variant | |||||||||
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| File:PDB 1lrv EBI.jpg
a leucine-rich repeat variant with a novel repetitive protein structural motif
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| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | LRV | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF01816 | ||||||||
| Pfam clan | CL0020 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR004830 | ||||||||
| SCOP | 1lrv | ||||||||
| SUPERFAMILY | 1lrv | ||||||||
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| LRR adjacent | |||||||||
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| File:PDB 1h6u EBI.jpg
internalin h: crystal structure of fused n-terminal domains.
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| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | LRR_adjacent | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF08191 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR012569 | ||||||||
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| Leucine rich repeat N-terminal domain | |||||||||
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dimeric bovine tissue-extracted decorin, crystal form 2
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| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | LRRNT | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF01462 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR000372 | ||||||||
| SMART | LRRNT | ||||||||
| SCOP | 1m10 | ||||||||
| SUPERFAMILY | 1m10 | ||||||||
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| Leucine rich repeat N-terminal domain | |||||||||
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| File:PDB 1ogq EBI.jpg
the crystal structure of pgip (polygalacturonase inhibiting protein), a leucine rich repeat protein involved in plant defense
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| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | LRRNT_2 | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF08263 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR013210 | ||||||||
| SMART | LRRNT | ||||||||
| SCOP | 1m10 | ||||||||
| SUPERFAMILY | 1m10 | ||||||||
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| Leucine rich repeat C-terminal domain | |||||||||
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| File:PDB 1w8a EBI.jpg
third lrr domain of drosophila slit
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| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | LRRCT | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF01463 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR000483 | ||||||||
| SMART | LRRCT | ||||||||
| SCOP | 1m10 | ||||||||
| SUPERFAMILY | 1m10 | ||||||||
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| LRV protein FeS4 cluster | |||||||||
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| File:PDB 1lrv EBI.jpg
a leucine-rich repeat variant with a novel repetitive protein structural motif
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| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | LRV_FeS | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF05484 | ||||||||
| Pfam clan | CL0020 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR008665 | ||||||||
| SCOP | 1lrv | ||||||||
| SUPERFAMILY | 1lrv | ||||||||
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A leucine-rich repeat (LRR) is a protein structural motif that forms an α/β horseshoe fold.[1][2] It is composed of repeating 20–30 amino acid stretches that are unusually rich in the hydrophobic amino acid leucine. These repeats commonly fold together to form a solenoid protein domain, termed leucine-rich repeat domain. Typically, each repeat unit has beta strand-turn-alpha helix structure, and the assembled domain, composed of many such repeats, has a horseshoe shape with an interior parallel beta sheet and an exterior array of helices. One face of the beta sheet and one side of the helix array are exposed to solvent and are therefore dominated by hydrophilic residues. The region between the helices and sheets is the protein's hydrophobic core and is tightly sterically packed with leucine residues.
Leucine-rich repeats are frequently involved in the formation of protein–protein interactions.[3][4]
Contents
Examples
Leucine-rich repeat motifs have been identified in a large number of functionally unrelated proteins.[5] The best-known example is the ribonuclease inhibitor, but other proteins such as the tropomyosin regulator tropomodulin and the toll-like receptor also share the motif. In fact, the toll-like receptor possesses 10 successive LRR motifs which serve to bind pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns.
Although the canonical LRR protein contains approximately one helix for every beta strand, variants that form beta-alpha superhelix folds sometimes have long loops rather than helices linking successive beta strands.
One leucine-rich repeat variant domain (LRV) has a novel repetitive structural motif consisting of alternating alpha- and 3(10)-helices arranged in a right-handed superhelix, with the absence of the beta-sheets present in other leucine-rich repeats.[6]
Associated domains
Leucine-rich repeats are often flanked by N-terminal and C-terminal cysteine-rich domains.
They also co-occur with LRR adjacent domains. These are small, all beta strand domains, which have been structurally described for the protein Internalin (InlA) and related proteins InlB, InlE, InlH from the pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Their function appears to be mainly structural: They are fused to the C-terminal end of leucine-rich repeats, significantly stabilising the LRR, and forming a common rigid entity with the LRR. They are themselves not involved in protein-protein-interactions but help to present the adjacent LRR-domain for this purpose. These domains belong to the family of Ig-like domains in that they consist of two sandwiched beta sheets that follow the classical connectivity of Ig-domains. The beta strands in one of the sheets is, however, much smaller than in most standard Ig-like domains, making it somewhat of an outlier.[7][8][9]
An iron sulphur cluster is found at the N-terminus of some proteins containing the leucine-rich repeat variant domain (LRV). These proteins have a two-domain structure, composed of a small N-terminal domain containing a cluster of four Cysteine residues that houses the 4Fe:4S cluster, and a larger C-terminal domain containing the LRV repeats.[6] Biochemical studies revealed that the 4Fe:4S cluster is sensitive to oxygen, but does not appear to have reversible redox activity.
See also
References
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Further reading
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External links
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class LIG_SCF_Skp2-Cks1_1
- SCOP LRR fold
- CATH Alpha-beta horseshoe architecture
- LRRML: a conformational database of leucine-rich repeats
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR012569
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR013210
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR000372
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR000483
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR004830
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR004830
