List of National Treasures of Japan (shrines)

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The number of Shinto shrines in Japan today has been estimated at more than 150,000.[1] Single structure shrines are the most common. Shrine buildings might also include oratories (in front of main sanctuary), purification halls, offering halls called heiden (between honden and haiden), dance halls, stone or metal lanterns, fences or walls, torii and other structures.[2] The term "National Treasure" has been used in Japan to denote cultural properties since 1897.[3] The definition and the criteria have changed since the inception of the term. The shrine structures in this list were designated national treasures when the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties was implemented on June 9, 1951. As such they are eligible for government grants for repairs, maintenance and the installation of fire-prevention facilities and other disaster prevention systems. Owners are required to announce any changes to the National Treasures such as damage or loss and need to obtain a permit for transfer of ownership or intended repairs.[4] The items are selected by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology based on their "especially high historical or artistic value".[5][6] This list presents 40[nb 1][nb 2] entries of national treasure shrine structures from 12th-century Classical Heian period to the early modern 19th-century Edo period. The number of structures listed is actually more than 40, because in some cases groups of related structures are combined to form a single entry. The structures include main halls (honden), oratories (haiden), gates, offering halls (heiden), purification halls (haraedono) and other structures associated with shrines.[6]

A path leads through a torii gate up a flight of stairs, towards two buildings positioned along the axis of the path. To the sides of the path there are minor buildings and structures.
General layout of a Shinto shrine: 1. Torii, 2. Stone stairs, 3. Sandō, 4. Chōzuya or Temizuya, 5. Tōrō, 6. Kagura-den (building dedicated to Noh or the sacred Kagura dance), 7. Shamusho (administration office), 8. Ema, 9. Sessha/massha, 10. w:Komainu, 11. Haiden, 12. Tamagaki, 13. Honden

History

The practice of marking sacred areas began in Japan as early as the Yayoi period (from about 500 BC to 300 AD) originating from primal religious beliefs. Features in the landscape such as rocks, waterfalls, islands, and especially mountains, were places believed to be capable of attracting kami, and subsequently were worshiped as yorishiro.[7] Originally, sacred places may have been simply marked with a surrounding fence and an entrance gate or torii.[8] Later, temporary structures similar to present day portable shrines[9] were constructed to welcome the gods to the sacred place, which eventually evolved into permanent buildings that were dedicated to the gods. Ancient shrines were constructed according to the style of dwellings (Izumo Taisha)[7][10] or storehouses (Ise Grand Shrine).[7][8] The buildings had gabled roofs, raised floors, plank walls, and were thatched with reed or covered with hinoki cypress bark.[8] Such early shrines did not include a space for worship.[7] Three important forms of ancient shrine architectural styles exist: taisha-zukuri,[ex 1] shinmei-zukuri[ex 2] and sumiyoshi-zukuri.[ex 3][1][9] They are exemplified by Izumo Taisha, Nishina Shinmei Shrine and Sumiyoshi Taisha,[11] respectively, and date from before 552 AD.[12] According to the tradition of Shikinen sengū-sai (式年遷宮祭?), the buildings or shrines were faithfully rebuilt at regular intervals adhering to the original design. In this manner, ancient styles have been replicated through the centuries to the present day.[nb 3][10][13][14]

Beginning in the mid-6th century, as Buddhism was brought to Japan from Baekje, new styles of shrine architecture were introduced; today's Shinto shrine blueprint is of Buddhist origin.[15] The concept of temples as a place of assembly was applied to shrines. Spaces for worship were added in the form of extended roofs or worship halls (haiden) in addition to the main hall (honden).[7] The following stylistic elements of Buddhist temple architecture were assimilated and applied to Japanese shrines: column-base stones,[nb 4] brackets, curved roofs, painted surfaces, metal ornaments, corridors and pagodas.[7][8][16] At the end of the 8th century as architectural styles evolved, new elements were added as is evident in kasuga-zukuri[ex 4] (Kasuga Shrine and Hakusandō/Kasugadō at Enjō-ji), the flowing roof or nagare-zukuri[ex 5] (Shimogamo Shrine), hachiman-zukuri[ex 6] (Usa Shrine) and hiyoshi-zukuri[ex 7] (Hiyoshi Taisha).[17][18] The nagare-zukuri continues to be the more popular style, followed by the kasuga-zukuri.[7][14] The honden of Ujigami Shrine dates to this period.[19] At the end of the Heian period torii and fences were commonly replaced with two-storied gates and grand colonnades copied from temple architecture. The influence of the residential shinden-zukuri style of palaces and mansions is apparent in shrines such as Itsukushima Shrine.[20]

The auxiliary Marōdo Shrine at Itsukushima Shrine originates from the 13th-century Kamakura period, and the honden and haiden of the Kibitsu Shrine date from the 15th-century Muromachi period.[21] In the late 16th century and early 17th century, during the Momoyama period, gongen-zukuri was introduced as a new plan of building shrines. The main hall was joined to the oratory via a connecting structure called the ai-no-ma, derived from the hachiman-zukuri style. Examples of gongen-zukuri are the honden at Kitano Tenman-gū and Ōsaki Hachiman Shrine.[22] Tōshō-gū dates from the Edo period and was completed in 1636. It is a complex assembly of richly adorned shrines, temples and a mausoleum.[23] Such complexes are a result of the syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism which began to appear during the Heian period; Kitano Tenman-gū, built in 947 for the spirit of Sugawara no Michizane, was the first of these byō or jingū-ji.[7][24]

Statistics

The 40[nb 1][nb 2] entries in the list consist of the following: main halls (honden), combined structures of honden, haiden with or without an ai-no-ma or heiden in between, oratories (haiden), offering halls (heiden), corridors, gates, fences, purification halls and other halls that are related to a shrine.

Most of the National Treasures are found in the Kansai area and western Honshū, although some are in central and north Honshū or Kyushu.
Map showing the location of shrine National Treasures in Japan
Prefecture City National Treasures
Hiroshima Hatsukaichi 1[nb 1]
Kagawa Sakaide 1
Kumamoto Hitoyoshi 1[nb 2]
Kyoto Kyoto 5
Uji 2
Yawata 1
Miyagi Sendai 1
Nagano Ōmachi 1
Nara Nara 2
Tenri 1
Uda 1
Okayama Okayama 1
Ōita Usa 1
Osaka Osaka 1
Sakai 1
Saitama Kumagaya 1
Shiga Nagahama 1
Ryūō 1
Yasu 2
Ōtsu 3
Shimane Matsue 1
Taisha 1
Shizuoka Shizuoka 1
Tochigi Nikkō 6
Tottori Misasa 1
Yamaguchi Shimonoseki 1
Period[nb 5] National Treasures
Heian period 2
Kamakura period 9[nb 1]
Muromachi period 5
Momoyama period 8[nb 2]
Edo period 16

Usage

The table's columns (except for Remarks and Images) are sortable pressing the arrow symbols.

  • Name: name of the structure as registered in the Database of National Cultural Properties[6][nb 1][nb 2]
  • Shrine: name of the shrine in which the structure is located
  • Remarks: architecture and general remarks including
  • size measured in ken, or distance between pillars; "m×n" denotes the length (m) and width (n) of the structure, each measured in ken
  • architectural style (zukuri) and type of roofing
  • existence of bargeboards, forked roof finials (chigi), step canopies, etc
  • Date: period and year of the last major reconstruction; The column entries sort by year. If only a period is known, they sort by the start year of that period.
  • Location: "town-name prefecture-name"; The column entries sort as "prefecture-name town-name".
  • Images: picture of the structure; If the image shows more than one structure, the respective structure is indicated by a blue rectangle.

Treasures

Name Shrine Remarks Date Location Image
Ōsaki Hachiman Shrine (大崎八幡宮 Ōsaki Hachiman-gū?)[nb 6][25] Ōsaki Hachiman Shrine Honden: 5×3, single-storied, irimoya style[ex 8] with shake shingles;
Ishi-no-ma (石の間?): 1×1, single-storied, ryōsage style [ex 9] with shake shingles;
Haiden: 5×3 (7 ken along the front facade), single-storied, irimoya style,[ex 8] front with a chidori hafu bargeboard[ex 10] and a 5 ken step canopy with a nokikarahafu gable,[ex 11] shake shingles.
Oldest existing gongen style[ex 12] complex		 Azuchi-Momoyama period, 1607 Miyagi SendaiSendai, Miyagi Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Wooden building with a large roof and central gable on the front. Both the roof and the lower part are in very dark colors. Three ropes are hanging down from the front centre gable.
Main Hall (本殿 honden?), Room of Stone (石の間 ishi no ma?) and Oratory (拝殿 haiden?)[nb 7][31] Tōshō-gū Honden: 5×5, irimoya style[ex 8] with a 1 ken step canopy on the back side;
ishi-no-ma (石の間?): 3×1, ryōsage style;[ex 9]
Haiden: 9×4 (7 ken along the front facade), irimoya style,[ex 8] front with a chidori hafu bargeboard[ex 10] and a 3 ken step canopy with a nokikarahafu gable.[ex 11]
All three structures are single-storied and have copper-tile roofing.		 early Edo period, 1636 Tochigi NikkōNikkō, Tochigi Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. A building with gabled tiled roof behind a see-through fence with a Chinese style gate.
Yōmeimon (陽明門?)[nb 8][31] Tōshō-gū 3×2, two-storied sangen-ikko (三間一戸?) gate in irimoya style[ex 8] with nokikarahafu gables[ex 11] in every direction, copper-tile roofing, more than 500 carvings of historical anecdotes, children at play, wise men and others, connected to the Tōzai Kairō on either side early Edo period, 1636 Tochigi NikkōNikkō, Tochigi Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. A two-storied, decorated wooden gate where the upper story extends over the lower. There is a bulging gable at the center under which a board with characters is attached.
Tōzai Kairō (東西廻廊?)[31] Tōshō-gū 36 and 54 ken long semi-enclosed corridors with colored carvings of flowers and bird in fretwork technique, extending to either side of the Yōmeimon gate, irimoya style[ex 8] with copper-tile roofing early Edo period, 1636 Tochigi NikkōNikkō, Tochigi Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Wooden wall with red beams and colored carvings of plants, peacocks and other birds.
Karamon ( 唐門?) (front and back)[31] Tōshō-gū 1×1, Chinese style gate decorated with white carvings, single-storied, with a karahafu style[ex 13] roof with copper-tile roofing, connected to the Tōzai Sukibei fence on either side early Edo period, 1636 Tochigi NikkōNikkō, Tochigi Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. A Chinese style connected on either side to a see-through fence.

White carved figures under an undulating gable.
Tōzai Sukibei (東西透塀?) Tōshō-gū 43 and 44 ken long see-through fences extending to the east and west from the karamon, copper-tile roofing early Edo period, 1636 Tochigi NikkōNikkō, Tochigi Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. A roofed colorful fence extending to either side of a Chinese style gate
Main Hall (本殿 honden?), Middle Room (相の間 ai no ma?), Oratory (拝殿 haiden?)[nb 9] Taiyuin Mausoleum (大猷院霊廟 taiyū-in reibyō?) (Rinnō-ji) Honden: 3×3, irimoya style[ex 8] with a pent roof enclosure[ex 14];
Ishi-no-ma (石の間?): 3×1, ryōsage style;[ex 9]
Haiden: 7×3, irimoya style,[ex 8] front with a chidori hafu bargeboard[ex 10] and a 3 ken step canopy with a nokikarahafu gable.[ex 11]
All three structures are single-storied and have copper-tile roofing. The shrine is the mausoleum of the third Tokugawa shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu.		 early Edo period, 1653 Tochigi NikkōNikkō, Tochigi Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Wooden building connected to a lower building. Both are colored in black and have gilt metal decorations. There is a veranda with red handrail on both buildings.

A black wooden building with gilt decorations and a veranda with a red handrail.
Main Hall (本殿 honden?) and inner gate (中門 chūmon?)[33] Nishina Shinmei Shrine Honden: 3×2, oldest extant example of the shinmei style[ex 2];

Inner gate: four-legged gate[ex 15] connected to the honden, with a kirizuma style[ex 16] roof
Both structures ar covered with hinoki cypress bark shingles.

 middle Edo period, 1630 (inner gate) and 1636 (main hall) Nagano ŌmachiŌmachi, Nagano A simple wooden building with a railed veranda horizontal logs on the roof ridge and forked finials. From the front another roof runs over the steps to the veranda and connects to another building.
Shōden Hall (聖天堂 shōden-dō?)[6][37][38] Kangi-in (歓喜院?) Okuden (奥殿?): 3×3, irimoya style[ex 8] with nokikarahafu gables[ex 11] on the sides, nokikarahafu and chidori hafu[ex 10] gables at the back, 1 ken step canopy;
Chūden (中殿?): 3×1, ryōsage style;[ex 9]
Haiden: 5×3, irimoya style, front with a chidori hafu bargeboard and a 3 ken step canopy with a nokikarahafu gable. All three structures are single storied and have copper-tile roofing. They form a gongen style[ex 12] complex.		 1744mid Edo period, 1744 (Okuden), 1756 (Haiden), 1760 (Chūden) Saitama KumagayaKumagaya, Saitama

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

 A wooden building with a hip and gable style roof.
Main Hall (本殿 honden?), Room of Stone (石の間 ishi no ma?) and Oratory (拝殿 haiden?)[nb 10][39] Kunōzan Tōshō-gū Honden: 3×3, irimoya style;[ex 8]
ishi-no-ma (石の間?): 1×1, ryōsage style;[ex 9]
Haiden: 5×2, irimoya style,[ex 8] front with a chidori hafu bargeboard[ex 10] and a 3 ken step canopy.
All three structures are single-storied and have copper-tile roofing.
Original burial place of the first Shōgun of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Tokugawa Ieyasu and therefore the oldest of the Tōshō-gū shrines		 Edo period, 1617 Shizuoka ShizuokaShizuoka, Shizuoka Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Haiden of Kunozan Toshogu.jpg
Shinra Zenjin Hall (新羅善神堂 shinra zenjindō?)[nb 11][40] Mii-dera 3×3, single-storied, flowing roof style[ex 5] with a 1 ken step canopy, covered with hinoki cypress bark shingles. The structure houses the National Treasure Shinra Myōjin Zazō (新羅明神坐像?), a sculpture of the deity that protects Mii-dera. early Muromachi period, 1347 Shiga ŌtsuŌtsu, Shiga Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Wooden building with an asymmetric gabled roof and a raised veranda with handrail.
Main Hall (本殿 honden?)[nb 12] Mikami Shrine (御上神社 mikami jinja?) 3×3, single-storied, irimoya style[ex 8] roof with a 1 ken step canopy covered by hinoki cypress bark shingles late Kamakura period Shiga YasuYasu, Shiga A small wooden building with a roofed, raised veranda with a handrail
Main Hall (本殿 honden?)[nb 13][41] Ōsasahara Shrine (大笹原神社 ōsasahara jinja?) 3×3, single-storied, irimoya style[ex 8] roof with a 1 ken step canopy covered by hinoki cypress bark shingles. Notably excellent technique for the construction, transom and doors middle Muromachi period, 1414 Shiga YasuYasu, Shiga A small wooden building with a roofed, raised veranda with a handrail
Main Hall (本殿 honden?)[nb 6][42][43] Tsukubusuma Shrine (都久夫須麻神社 tsukubusuma jinja?) 3×3, single-storied, irimoya style[ex 8] with nokikarahafu gables[ex 11] at the front and back side, surrounding eaves and step canopy are 1 ken, 60 decorative ceiling paintings of flowers in gold paint by Kanō Mitsunobu Azuchi-Momoyama period, 1567 (step canopy and eaves) and 1602 (main building) Shiga NagahamaNagahama, Shiga Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Building at the top of a flight of modern stairs with undulating Chinese style gable at the front. The lower part is covered by a red cloth which is hung from the eaves of the roof.
West Hall of Worship (西本宮 nishi hon-gū?), Main Hall (本殿 honden?)[44][45] Hiyoshi Taisha 5×3, hiyoshi style[ex 7], hinoki cypress bark shingles Azuchi-Momoyama period, 1586 Shiga ŌtsuŌtsu, Shiga Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Three-quarter view of a proportionally tall wooden building with a veranda with red hand rail and a canopy covering the steps that lead to the central entrance. The roof appears to be a hip-and-gable roof.

Three-quarter view of a proportionally tall wooden building with a veranda with red hand rail. The corner of the eaves appear cut off.
East Hall of Worship (東本宮 higashi hon-gū?), Main Hall (本殿 honden?)[47] Hiyoshi Taisha 5×3, hiyoshi style,[ex 7] hinoki cypress bark shingles Azuchi-Momoyama period, 1595 Shiga ŌtsuŌtsu, Shiga Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Three-quarter view of a proportionally tall wooden building with a veranda with red hand rail and a canopy covering the steps that lead to the central entrance. The roof appears to be a hip-and-gable roof.

Three-quarter view of a proportionally tall wooden building with a veranda with red hand rail. The veranda is higher at the center of the back side of the building. The corner of the eaves appear cut off.
West Main Hall (西本殿 nishi honden?)[nb 14] Namura Shrine ( 苗村神社 namura jinja?) 3 ken wide, flowing roof style[ex 5] with a 1 ken step canopy and hinoki cypress bark shingles late Kamakura period, 1308 Shiga RyūōRyūō, Shiga A complex of wooden buildings behind a wooden roofed fence.
Main Hall (本殿 honden?)[48][49] Ujigami Shrine 5×3, single-storied, flowing roof style[ex 5] with hinoki cypress bark shingles. The building consists of three single-ken shrines arranged side by side under the same roof. It is part of the World Heritage Site Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities) and the oldest extant main shrine building (honden). late Heian period Kyoto UjiUji, Kyoto Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. A rather wide building with wooden beams and white painted walls. The front wall is completely covered by wooden grill windows.
Oratory (拝殿 haiden?)[nb 15] Ujigami Shrine 6×3, single-storied, kirizuma style[ex 16] roof with a 1 ken step canopy and hinoki cypress bark shingles. The haiden is believed to have been originally constructed in the residential shinden-zukuri style. It is part of the World Heritage Site Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities). early Kamakura period Kyoto UjiUji, Kyoto Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Frontal view of a rather low and wide building with wooden beams and white painted walls.
Iwashimizu Hachimangū main shrine 10 buildings (石清水八幡宮本社10棟 iwashimizu hachimangū honsha jūtō?)[50][51][52] Iwashimizu Hachimangū Honden: 11 ken wide, hachiman style,[ex 6] consisting of naiden (内殿?) in kirizuma style[ex 16] and geden (外殿?) in flowing roof style,;[ex 5] Sessha Takeuchi Shrine Honden: kirizuma style, behind the main Honden in the north-west; Mizugaki; Heiden with Buden: offering hall and hall for bugaku and kagura dance, kirizuma style; Rōmon; East Gate (Higashi-mon): kirizuma style; West Gate (Nishi-mon): kirizuma style; Kairō (3 parts): irimoya style,.[ex 8] all structures with hinoki cypress bark shingles except for the Kairō, the east and west gates which have hongawarabuki roofing.[ex 17] early Edo period, 1634 Kyoto YawataYawata, Kyoto Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Frontal view of low roofed structure with a central gable and a prominent tall tower hovering above.
East Main Hall (東本殿 higashi honden?) and West Main Hall (西本殿 nishi honden?)[nb 16][49][53][45] Kamomioya Shrine or Shimogamo Shrine either hall: 3 ken wide flowing roof style,[ex 5] hinoki cypress bark shingles. founded before the Heian capital, present buildings from 17th century. They are part of the World Heritage Site Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities). end of Edo period, 1863 Kyoto KyotoKyoto　Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. A door, stairs and veranda of a wooden building with metal ornaments. A grey and blue lion figure is placed on the veranda.

Honden of Kamomioya Jinsha (43).jpg
Main Hall (本殿 honden?) and Associate Hall (権殿 gonden?)[23][49][54] Kamowakeikazuchi Shrine or Kamigamo Shrine Both structures are identical in size and shape: 3×2, 5.9 m × 7.2 m (19 ft × 24 ft) flowing roof style[ex 5] with an extended roof in front to cover a prayer portico, hinoki cypress bark shingles. Honden and gonden were used alternatingly whenever one of them was being reconstructed or under repair. They are part of the World Heritage Site Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities). end of Edo period, 1863 Kyoto KyotoKyoto　Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
—
Oratory (拝殿 haiden?)[49][55][56] Seiryōgū (清瀧宮?) (Daigo-ji, upper Daigo (上醍醐?)) 7×3, overhang style (懸造 kake-zukuri?), single-storied, irimoya style,[ex 8] entrance in the gable ends, 3 ken step canopy and nokikarahafu gable.[ex 11] It is part of the World Heritage Site Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities). middle Muromachi period, 1434 Kyoto KyotoKyoto Frontal view of a wooden building with white walls and undulating gable in line with the eaves and below a normal gable.
Karamon (唐門?) Toyokuni Shrine four-legged gate[ex 15] gate with Karahafu gables[ex 13] at the front and back, irimoya style[ex 8] roof on the sides, covered with hinoki cypress bark shingles Azuchi-Momoyama period, 1573–1614 Kyoto KyotoKyoto Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Frontal view of a black wooden gate with a large dominating roof with an undulating gable and golden metal decorations.
Main Hall (本殿 honden?), Room of Stone (石の間 ishi no ma?), Oratory (拝殿 haiden?) and Music Chamber (楽の間 gaku no ma?)[nb 17][23][57] Kitano Tenman-gū Honden: 5×4, irimoya style[ex 8] with a 3 ken aisle on the right side, covered with hinoki cypress bark shingles
Room of Stone: 3×1, ryōsage style,[ex 9] covered with hinoki cypress bark
Haiden: 7×3, irimoya style[ex 8] with a chidori hafu bargeboard[ex 10] on the front and a 7 ken step canopy
Music Chamber: length 2 ken at the front, 3 ken at the back, width: 2 ken, irimoya style[ex 8] on one end, connected to the haiden, covered with hinoki cypress bark shingles
All four structures are single-storied. This is the oldest extant gongen style[ex 12] complex. It was founded in the 10th century.		 Azuchi-Momoyama period, 1607 Kyoto KyotoKyoto Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. honden

haiden gaku-no-ma
Oratory (拝殿 haiden?)[58] Sakurai Shrine (桜井神社 sakurai jinja?) 5×3, single-storied, kirizuma style[ex 16] with a hongawarabuki roof[ex 17] (except for the rear step canopy) late Kamakura period Osaka SakaiSakai, Osaka Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. A building with red and white walls and a tile roof.
Main Hall (本殿 honden?)[nb 18][23][60] Sumiyoshi Taisha 4×2, oldest example of the sumiyoshi style[ex 3] covered by hinoki cypress bark shingles. The shrine consists of four identical structures (positioned in "L"-shape), each 4.8 m × 8 m (16 ft × 26 ft). late Edo period, 1810 Osaka OsakaOsaka Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Front and side view and plan of a building with two rooms, forked roof finials, a door on the gable end to which a small stair leads and a fence which surrounds the building on three sides.

Honden of Sumiyoshi Jinsha (4).jpg
Main Hall (本殿 honden?)[62] Uda Mikumari Shrine three 1×1 kasuga style[ex 4] buildings with added hip rafter, covered with hinoki cypress bark shingles late Kamakura period, 1320 Nara UdaUda, Nara Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 150px
Main Hall (本殿 honden?)[nb 19][23][64][65][66] Kasuga Shrine consists of four 1×1 shrine buildings 1.83 m × 2.64 m (6.0 ft × 8.7 ft) in kasuga style[ex 4] aligned in east-west direction on a grid frame, covered with hinoki cypress bark shingles; founded around mid 8th century, present form from beginning of Heian period, regularly demolished and reconstructed at 20 year intervals until 1863. It is part of the World Heritage Site Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara. late Edo period, 1863 Nara NaraNara, Nara Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Building with white walls, red wooden beams and forked finials on the roof located behind a fence with gate.
Oratory (拝殿 haiden?)[67] Sessha Izumo Takeo Shrine (摂社出雲建雄神社 sessha izumo takeo jinja?) (Isonokami Shrine) 5×1, single-storied, kirizuma style,[ex 16] central passage with a karahafu gable,[ex 13] hinoki cypress bark shingles late Kamakura period, 1300 Nara TenriTenri, Nara A wide wooden building with a passageway over which there is a Chinese style gable.
Hakusan-dō (白山堂?) and Kasuga-dō (春日堂?)[nb 17][16][68] Enjō-ji two identical structures, each: 1×1, kasuga style[ex 4] with hinoki cypress bark shingles, together these are the oldest extant structures in the kasuga style early Kamakura period, Antei era Nara NaraNara, Nara Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. A small wooden building next to another identical building with gabled roof, a stair on the gable side covered by an extended roof. The roof ridge has forked finials.

A small wooden building next to another identical building with gabled roof, a stair on the gable side covered by an extended roof. The roof ridge has forked finials.
Nageiri Hall (投入堂 nageiridō?)[nb 20][69] Okuno-in (奥院?) (Sanbutsu-ji (三仏寺 sanbutsuji?)) 1×2, single-storied, overhang style (懸造 kake-zukuri?) with a flowing roof [ex 5] covered with hinoki cypress bark shingles late Heian period Tottori MisasaMisasa, Tottori A wooden structure on a cliff face supported by long wooden poles.
Main Hall (本殿 honden?)[nb 21][23][70][71][72] Izumo Taisha 2×2, taisha style[ex 1] with hinoki cypress bark shingles; 10.9 m × 10.9 m (36 ft × 36 ft) and 24 m (79 ft) high (originally 48 m (157 ft)), slightly curved roof, three ridge billets, believed to have been the house of Ōkuninushi middle Edo period, Enkyō era, 1744 Shimane TaishaTaisha, Shimane Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. A large wooden building with gabled roof and forked roof finials located beyond other buildings.

A small building with raised floor and gabled roof with forked roof finials. A roofed staircase leads to the building on the gable side.
Main Hall (本殿 honden?)[nb 22][73] Kamosu Shrine (神魂神社 kamosu jinja?) 2×2, taisha style[ex 1] with tochibuki board roofing[ex 18] Azuchi-Momoyama period, 1583 Shimane MatsueMatsue, Shimane　Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. A small wooden building with a veranda and gabled roof raised high above ground. A roofed staircase leads to the gable side of the building.
Main Hall (本殿 honden?) and Oratory (拝殿 haiden?)[nb 23][23][76] Kibitsu Shrine Honden: 5 ken long (7 on the back), 8 ken wide, hiyoku irimoya style[ex 19]
Haiden: 3×1, kirizuma style,[ex 16] connected to the rear of the honden roof, pent roof on three sides covered with hongawarabuki roofing[ex 17]
Both structures are single-storied and covered with hinoki cypress bark shingles. At 14.5 m × 17.9 m (48 ft × 59 ft), the largest shrine structure in Japan		 middle Muromachi period, 1425 Okayama OkayamaOkayama Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. A large wooden building with two small gabled roofs put on top of the main roof and across the main ridge. There are forked roof finials on the top.
main shrine: Main Hall (本殿 honden?), Oratory (拝殿 haiden?), Offering Hall (幣殿 heiden?)[nb 1][nb 24][78][79][23][80] Itsukushima Shrine Honden: 8×4 (9 ken wide at back), ryōnagare style[ex 20]

Heiden: 1×1, ryōsage style[ex 9]
Haiden: 10×3, irimoya style[ex 8] with gables clinging to either end
All three structures are connected via the heiden, single-storied and have hinoki cypress bark roofing. The shrine is a World Heritage Site.

 early Kamakura period and late Muromachi period, 1241 (Heiden and Haiden), 1571 (Honden) Hiroshima HatsukaichiHatsukaichi, Hiroshima Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. A building with a gabled roof, white walls and vermillion red wooden beams located above water next to other buildings and catwalks.

View through a hall (Haiden) with vermillion red beams and hanging lanterns to a space with standing lanterns beyond which there is another building with an altar.
main shrine: Purification Hall (祓殿 haraedono?)[nb 1][nb 25][23][78] Itsukushima Shrine 6×3, single-storied, irimoya style,[ex 8] entrance in the gable ends, rear of roof is connected, hinoki cypress bark shingles. The shrine is a World Heritage Site. early Kamakura period, 1241 Hiroshima HatsukaichiHatsukaichi, Hiroshima Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Frontal view of a wooden building with vermillion red beams. A platform with red handrail is located in front of the building.

A half-open wooden building with a gabled roof on a platform over water.
auxiliary Marōdo Shrine (Shrine for Guest Deities) (客神社 marōdo jinja?): Main Hall (本殿 honden?), Oratory (拝殿 haiden?), Offering Hall (幣殿 heiden?)[nb 1][nb 26][23][78] Itsukushima Shrine Honden: 5×4, ryōnagare style[ex 20]

Heiden: 1×1, ryōsage style[ex 9]
Haiden: 9×3, kirizuma style[ex 16]
All three structures are single-storied and have hinoki cypress bark shingles. The shrine is a World Heritage Site.

 early Kamakura period, 1241 Hiroshima HatsukaichiHatsukaichi, Hiroshima Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. A roofed corridor and two connected buildings with gabled roofs. All of them have vermillion red wooden beams, white walls and are standing on stilts. Beyond the buildings in the background on a hill stands a five-storied red colored pagoda and a large building with gabled roof.
auxiliary Marōdo Shrine (Shrine for Guest Deities) (客神社 marōdo jinja?): Purification Hall (祓殿 haraedono?)[nb 1][23][78] Itsukushima Shrine 4×3, single-storied, irimoya style,[ex 8] entrances on the gable ends, at the back connected to the haiden roof, hinoki cypress bark shingles. The shrine is a World Heritage Site. early Kamakura period, 1241 Hiroshima HatsukaichiHatsukaichi, Hiroshima Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 150px
East Corridor (東廻廊 higashi kairō?)[nb 1][nb 27][23][78] Itsukushima Shrine 45 ken long, single-storied, kirizuma style[ex 16] roof with hinoki cypress bark shingles. Extends from the entrance of Itsukushima Shrine past the Marōdo Shrine and the Asazaya to the purification hall of the main shrine. The shrine is a World Heritage Site. Azuchi-Momoyama period, Eiroku to Keichō era Hiroshima HatsukaichiHatsukaichi, Hiroshima Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. A wooden roofed corridor on stilts over water with red beams and red handrails.

Roofed wooden corridor over water with red beams.
West Corridor (西廻廊 nishi kairō?)[nb 1][23][78] Itsukushima Shrine 62 ken long, single-storied, kirizuma style[ex 16] gable at the eastern end and karahafu gable[ex 13] at the western end, covered with hinoki cypress bark shingles. The shrine is a World Heritage Site. Azuchi-Momoyama period, 1563–1602 Hiroshima HatsukaichiHatsukaichi, Hiroshima Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. A wooden corridor on stilts with red beams and a red handrail. There are metal lanterns hanging from the ceiling.
Main Hall (本殿 honden?)[nb 28][82] Sumiyoshi Shrine (住吉神社 sumiyoshi jinja?) 9 bay wide structure consisting of five concatenated buildings under a single flowing roof,[ex 5] covered with hinoki cypress bark shingles, the front roof has five dormers with chidori hafu bargeboards[ex 10] early Muromachi period, 1370 Yamaguchi ShimonosekiShimonoseki, Yamaguchi Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Sumiyoshi-jinja (Shimonoseki) Honden.JPG
Main Hall (本殿 honden?)[nb 17][83][84] Kandani Shrine (神谷神社 kandani jinja?) 3×2, oldest extant example of the flowing roof style[ex 5] covered with hinoki cypress bark shingles early Kamakura period, 1219 Kagawa SakaideSakaide, Kagawa Small wooden building with a curved roof and stairs leading to a platform surrounding the building.
Main Hall (本殿 honden?)[nb 2][nb 29][86] Aoi Aso Shrine 3×2, flowing roof style[ex 5] with copper-tile roofing, connected to the south with the heiden via the corridor Azuchi-Momoyama period, 1610 Kumamoto HitoyoshiHitoyoshi, Kumamoto Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
—
Corridor (廊 rō?)[nb 2][86] Aoi Aso Shrine 1×1, single-storied, kirizuma style[ex 16] with copper-tile roofing, connects the honden in the north with the heiden in the south Azuchi-Momoyama period, 1610 Kumamoto HitoyoshiHitoyoshi, Kumamoto Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
—
Offering Hall (幣殿 heiden?)[nb 2][86] Aoi Aso Shrine 5×3, single-storied, yosemune style[ex 21] on north side, connected to the haiden on the south side, thatched roof Azuchi-Momoyama period, 1610 Kumamoto HitoyoshiHitoyoshi, Kumamoto Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
—
Oratory (拝殿 haiden?)[nb 2][86] Aoi Aso Shrine 7×3, single-storied, yosemune style[ex 21] with a 1 ken step canopy and a karahafu gable,[ex 13] thatched roof for the main building and copper-tile roof for the step canopy, connected in the north to the heiden Azuchi-Momoyama period, 1611 Kumamoto HitoyoshiHitoyoshi, Kumamoto Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Three-quarter view of a wooden building with a thatched hip roof. Another structure of similar style extends from the back of the building.
Rōmon (楼門?)[nb 2][86] Aoi Aso Shrine 3×2 two-storied gate with entrance through the central bay, yosemune style,[ex 21] thatched roof Azuchi-Momoyama period, 1613 Kumamoto HitoyoshiHitoyoshi, Kumamoto Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. A two-storied wooden gate with a large thatched roof and a veranda with handrail on the upper floor.
Main Hall (本殿 honden?)[23][45][88][89] Usa Shrine hachiman style[ex 6], where both "buildings" are single-storied kirizuma style[ex 16] with hinoki cypress bark shingles. The rear part, called nai-in (内院?), is 3×2, the front part, called ge-in (外院?) is 3×1 with a 1 ken step canopy. late Edo period, Bunkyū era, 1855 Ōita UsaUsa, Ōita Honden of Usa Shingu (44).jpg

See also

  • For an explanation of terms concerning Shinto, shrines and shrine architecture, see the glossary of Shinto.

Notes

Architecture

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General

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References

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Bibliography

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Further reading

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External links

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kishida 2008, p. 34
  2. ↑ Ono & Woodard 2004, pp. 26–27
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 Young & Young 2007, p. 50
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Fletcher & Cruickshank 1996, p. 724
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Nishi & Hozumi 1996, p. 40
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Kishida 2008, p. 33
  11. ↑ Kishida 2008, p. 35
  12. ↑ Kishida 2008, p. 126
  13. ↑ Nishi & Hozumi 1996, p. 41
  14. ↑ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.10 14.11 Kuroda 2005
  15. ↑ Tamura 2000, p. 21
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Nishi & Hozumi 1996, p. 43
  17. ↑ Kishida 2008, pp. 40–41
  18. ↑ Nishi & Hozumi 1996, p. 42
  19. ↑ Kishida 2008, p. 127
  20. ↑ Kishida 2008, pp. 42–43
  21. ↑ Kishida 2008, pp. 128–129
  22. ↑ Kishida 2008, pp. 43–44
  23. ↑ 23.00 23.01 23.02 23.03 23.04 23.05 23.06 23.07 23.08 23.09 23.10 23.11 23.12 23.13 Fletcher & Cruickshank 1996, p. 726
  24. ↑ Kishida 2008, p. 131
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  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 Kishida 2008, p. 42
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  66. ↑ Kishida 2008, p. 41
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