List of S.L. Benfica players
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Sport Lisboa e Benfica is a Portuguese professional football team based in São Domingos de Benfica, Lisbon.[1][lower-alpha 1] The club was formed in 1904, and played their first competitive match on 4 November 1906, when they entered the inaugural edition of the Campeonato de Lisboa.[4][5] They won their first title in 1910,[6] and their first nationwide club competition in 1930, the Campeonato de Portugal.[7] In 1934, an experimental league competition known as Primeira Liga was introduced in Portuguese football. Since its first edition, Benfica have won a record 35 titles.[8] They have also won the European Cup twice, in 1961 and 1962.[8]
Since their first competitive match, more than 750 players have appeared in first-team matches for the club, and almost 130 have made at least 100 appearances. Six former players went on to be first-team managers: Fernando Caiado, José Augusto, Toni, Artur Jorge, Shéu and Fernando Chalana.[9] Benfica's record appearance maker is Nené, who played 575 matches during his record 18-year career at the club; he is followed by António Veloso, with 538 appearances over 15 seasons.[10] Manuel Bento who appeared 465 times for the club, is the oldest player to have played for Benfica. He was 41 years and 298 days when he played against Belenenses on 20 May 1990.[11]
Eusébio is the club's top goalscorer with 474 goals in 15 seasons, 317 of which were scored in league matches.[12][13] Ten players have made more than 400 appearances, including four members of the 1961 European Cup-winning team.[10][14] Other than Eusébio, only two players, Nené and José Águas, have scored more than 300 goals for the club.[10]
Contents
Key
- The list is ordered by date of debut.
- Appearances as a substitute are included.
- Statistics are correct up to and including the match played on 22 May 2016. Where a player left the club permanently after this date, his statistics are updated to the date of departure.
-
Positions key Pre-1960s 1960s– GK Goalkeeper FB Full back DF Defender HB Half back MF Midfielder FW Forward U Utility player - Position
- Playing positions are listed according to the tactical formations that were employed at the time. Thus the change in the names of defensive and midfield positions reflects the tactical evolution that occurred from the 1960s onwards.
- Club career
- Club career is defined as the first and last calendar years in which the player appeared for the club in any of the competitions listed below.
- League appearances and League goals
- League appearances and goals comprise those in the Campeonato de Lisboa and the Primeira Liga. Starting in the 1934–35 season, appearances are only counted in the Primeira Liga.
- Total appearances and Total goals
- Total appearances and goals comprise those in the Primeira Liga, Taça de Portugal (including in the early denomination as Campeonato de Portugal), Taça da Liga, Supertaça, European Cup/Champions League, UEFA Cup/Europa League, and defunct competitions such as Campeonato de Lisboa, Latin Cup, Cup Winners' Cup, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and Intercontinental Cup
- International team
- Countries are listed only for players who have been selected for international football. Only the highest level of international competition is given, except where a player competed for more than one country, in which case the highest level reached for each country is shown.
- Caps
- For players having played at full international level, the caps column counts the number of such appearances during their career with the club. All information relating to international teams, including number of caps won while with the club, is sourced to Tovar (2012), pp. 679–761, unless otherwise noted.
Players with 100 or more appearances



Player | Pos | Club career | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | International team | Caps | Notes | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
League | Total | |||||||||
Jesus Crespo | FW | 1917–1929 | 101 | 39 | 101 | 39 | ![]() |
1 | [15] | |
Jorge Tavares | FW | 1924–1932 | 92 | 33 | 116 | 43 | ![]() |
3 | [16] | |
Vítor Silva | FW | 1927–1936 | 79 | 62 | 132 | 108 | ![]() |
19 | [lower-alpha 2][17] | [18] |
Gustavo Teixeira | FB | 1932–1939 | 71 | 0 | 157 | 2 | ![]() |
9 | [19] | |
Francisco Albino | HB | 1932–1945 | 172 | 12 | 343 | 21 | ![]() |
10 | [20] | |
Rogério de Sousa | FW | 1932–1940 | 68 | 46 | 168 | 100 | — | — | [21] | |
Gaspar Pinto | FB | 1934–1946 | 153 | 4 | 318 | 6 | ![]() |
5 | [22] | |
Alfredo Valadas | FW | 1934–1944 | 136 | 86 | 264 | 158 | ![]() |
4 | [23] | |
Joaquim Alcobia | HB | 1936–1937 1938–1945 |
54 | 0 | 108 | 1 | — | — | [20] | |
Espírito Santo | FW | 1936–1950 | 117 | 79 | 211 | 152 | ![]() |
8 | [24] | |
César Ferreira | HB | 1938–1946 | 50 | 0 | 111 | 1 | — | — | [25] | |
Francisco Ferreira | HB | 1938–1952 | 265 | 23 | 398 | 34 | ![]() |
25 | [26] | |
António Martins | GK | 1938–1947 | 141 | 0 | 265 | 0 | ![]() |
1 | [27] | |
Joaquim Teixeira | FW | 1938–1946 | 87 | 66 | 173 | 121 | ![]() |
1 | [28] | |
Julinho | FW | 1942–1953 | 144 | 154 | 200 | 205 | ![]() |
1 | [29] | |
Rogério Pipi | FW | 1942–1954 | 212 | 125 | 320 | 212 | ![]() |
15 | [21] | |
Arsénio Duarte | FW | 1943–1955 | 223 | 154 | 299 | 220 | ![]() |
2 | [30] | |
Jacinto Marques | FB | 1943–1953 1954–1957 |
202 | 0 | 251 | 0 | — | — | [31] | |
Félix Antunes | FB | 1944–1954 | 148 | 2 | 188 | 3 | ![]() |
15 | [32] | |
Francisco Moreira | HB | 1944–1954 | 202 | 4 | 266 | 4 | ![]() |
7 | [33] | |
Joaquim Fernandes | FB | 1945–1954 | 191 | 1 | 227 | 1 | — | — | [32] | |
Eduardo Corona | FW | 1946–1953 | 102 | 37 | 127 | 57 | — | — | [34] | |
José de Bastos | GK | 1949–1959 | 142 | 0 | 197 | 0 | — | — | [35] | |
José Águas | FW | 1950–1963 | 281 | 290 | 383 | 379 | ![]() |
25 | [lower-alpha 3][10] | [16] |
Artur Santos | FB | 1950–1961 | 229 | 0 | 284 | 0 | ![]() |
2 | [30] | |
Fernando Caiado | FB | 1952–1959 | 118 | 17 | 141 | 22 | ![]() |
16 | [lower-alpha 4][9] | [36] |
Ângelo Martins | FB | 1952–1965 | 231 | 3 | 285 | 4 | ![]() |
20 | [37] | |
Francisco Palmeiro | HB | 1953–1961 | 106 | 36 | 114 | 36 | ![]() |
3 | [38] | |
Alfredo Abrantes | HB | 1954–1960 | 109 | 1 | 140 | 1 | ![]() |
1 | [39] | |
Domiciano Cavém | U | 1954–1970 | 279 | 77 | 416 | 106 | ![]() |
18 | [40] | |
Mário Coluna | HB | 1954–1970 | 364 | 89 | 525 | 127 | ![]() |
57 | [lower-alpha 5][41] | [34] |
Costa Pereira | GK | 1954–1967 | 253 | 0 | 359 | 0 | ![]() |
22 | [34] | |
Joaquim Santana | FW | 1956–1967 | 104 | 51 | 161 | 79 | ![]() |
5 | [42] | |
Manuel Serra | FB | 1956–1963 | 70 | 0 | 109 | 0 | ![]() |
1 | [43] | |
José Neto | FB | 1958–1966 | 104 | 5 | 155 | 6 | — | — | [44] | |
José Augusto | FW | 1959–1970 | 246 | 104 | 369 | 175 | ![]() |
43 | [lower-alpha 4][9] | [16] |
Fernando Cruz | FB | 1959–1970 | 227 | 0 | 344 | 1 | ![]() |
11 | [15] | |
José Torres | FW | 1959–1971 | 173 | 151 | 259 | 226 | ![]() |
31 | [45] | |
Eusébio | FW | 1960–1975 | 301 | 317 | 440 | 473 | ![]() |
64 | [lower-alpha 6][10] | [46] |
Humberto Fernandes | DF | 1960–1969 | 57 | 0 | 106 | 0 | — | — | [47] | |
Germano de Figueiredo | DF | 1960–1966 | 75 | 4 | 131 | 6 | ![]() |
17 | [48] | |
António Simões | FW | 1961–1975 | 310 | 46 | 447 | 72 | ![]() |
46 | [49] | |
Raúl Machado | DF | 1962–1969 | 123 | 2 | 193 | 7 | ![]() |
11 | [50] | |
Jacinto Santos | DF | 1962–1971 | 114 | 5 | 166 | 10 | ![]() |
5 | [31] | |
Malta da Silva | DF | 1964–1965 1966–1976 |
138 | 1 | 192 | 1 | ![]() |
5 | [51] | |
Adolfo Calisto | DF | 1966–1975 | 141 | 3 | 205 | 5 | ![]() |
15 | [52] | |
Diamantino Costa | FW | 1966–1968 1969–1977 |
84 | 8 | 122 | 22 | — | — | [53] | |
Zé Gato | GK | 1966–1979 | 217 | 0 | 299 | 0 | ![]() |
15 | [54] | |
Jaime Graça | MF | 1966–1975 | 159 | 19 | 229 | 29 | ![]() |
24 | [31] | |
Humberto Coelho | DF | 1968–1975 1977–1984 |
355 | 56 | 498 | 81 | ![]() |
64 | [47] | |
Nené | FW | 1968–1986 | 423 | 264 | 575 | 360 | ![]() |
66 | [lower-alpha 7][41][55][10] | [56] |
Toni | MF | 1968–1981 | 297 | 16 | 392 | 23 | ![]() |
33 | [lower-alpha 4][9] | [45] |
Artur Jorge | FW | 1969–1975 | 95 | 74 | 130 | 105 | ![]() |
13 | [lower-alpha 4][9] | [30] |
Vítor Martins | MF | 1969–1978 | 149 | 22 | 191 | 28 | ![]() |
3 | [18] | |
Messias Timula | DF | 1969–1977 | 89 | 1 | 123 | 2 | ![]() |
6 | [57] | |
António Barros | DF | 1970–1971 1973–1977 |
80 | 0 | 106 | 3 | ![]() |
8 | [35] | |
Vítor Baptista | FW | 1971–1977 | 97 | 42 | 151 | 63 | ![]() |
8 | [18] | |
Artur Correia | DF | 1971–1977 | 124 | 3 | 159 | 3 | ![]() |
26 | [30] | |
Rui Jordão | FW | 1971–1976 | 90 | 63 | 127 | 81 | ![]() |
12 | [58] | |
Manuel Bento | GK | 1972–1990 | 328 | 0 | 465 | 0 | ![]() |
63 | [lower-alpha 8][11] | [59] |
Shéu Han | MF | 1972–1989 | 349 | 33 | 487 | 45 | ![]() |
24 | [lower-alpha 4][9] | [49] |
Bastos Lopes | DF | 1972–1987 | 277 | 4 | 391 | 4 | ![]() |
10 | [37] | |
Fernando Chalana | FW | 1975–1984 1987–1990 |
224 | 36 | 310 | 47 | ![]() |
27 | [lower-alpha 4][9] | [60] |
Eurico Gomes | DF | 1975–1979 | 89 | 1 | 114 | 1 | ![]() |
4 | [46] | |
Alberto Fonseca | DF | 1976–1980 | 92 | 1 | 123 | 1 | ![]() |
7 | [52] | |
José Luís | MF | 1976–1978 1979–1987 |
160 | 18 | 224 | 21 | ![]() |
4 | [54] | |
Minervino Pietra | DF | 1976–1986 | 227 | 19 | 313 | 24 | ![]() |
23 | [61] | |
João Alves | MF | 1978–1983 | 97 | 28 | 141 | 32 | ![]() |
17 | [62] | |
Reinaldo Gomes | FW | 1978–1982 | 85 | 48 | 117 | 59 | ![]() |
3 | [50] | |
Diamantino Miranda | MF | 1978–1980 1982–1990 |
270 | 62 | 302 | 83 | ![]() |
19 | [53] | |
Carlos Manuel | DF | 1979–1988 | 215 | 40 | 318 | 58 | ![]() |
42 | [63] | |
António Veloso | DF | 1980–1995 | 419 | 9 | 538 | 9 | ![]() |
40 | [lower-alpha 9][10][64] | |
Álvaro Magalhães | DF | 1981–1990 | 177 | 6 | 261 | 8 | ![]() |
20 | [39] | |
António Oliveira | DF | 1982–1987 | 98 | 3 | 146 | 5 | ![]() |
3 | [65] | |
Michael Manniche | FW | 1983–1987 | 89 | 47 | 132 | 75 | ![]() |
2 | [51] | |
Samuel Quina | DF | 1983–1991 1992–1993 |
117 | 1 | 159 | 2 | — | — | [42] | |
Adelino Nunes | MF | 1984–1988 | 74 | 10 | 110 | 20 | ![]() |
6 | [44] | |
Wando | FW | 1984–1988 | 91 | 12 | 139 | 23 | — | — | [66] | |
Rui Águas | FW | 1985–1988 1990–1994 |
173 | 77 | 237 | 104 | ![]() |
22 | [67] | |
William Andrade | DF | 1985–1988 1990–1994 |
97 | 11 | 134 | 14 | — | — | [66] | |
César Brito | FW | 1985–1995 | 100 | 21 | 144 | 36 | ![]() |
10 | [25] | |
Neno | GK | 1985–1987 1990–1995 |
100 | 0 | 133 | 0 | ![]() |
5 | [56] | |
José Carlos | DF | 1986–1987 1989–1993 |
99 | 3 | 135 | 3 | ![]() |
1 | [16] | |
Silvino Louro | GK | 1986–1994 | 184 | 0 | 263 | 0 | ![]() |
19 | [49] | |
Mats Magnusson | FW | 1987–1992 | 122 | 65 | 164 | 84 | ![]() |
20 | [51] | |
Carlos Mozer | DF | 1987–1989 1992–1995 |
120 | 11 | 161 | 14 | ![]() |
3 | [68] | |
António Pacheco | FW | 1987–1993 | 162 | 30 | 218 | 48 | ![]() |
6 | [38] | |
Valdo Filho | MF | 1988–1991 1995–1997 |
138 | 20 | 183 | 28 | ![]() |
31 | [23] | |
Ricardo Gomes | DF | 1988–1991 1995–1996 |
100 | 23 | 140 | 26 | ![]() |
22 | [69] | |
Vítor Paneira | MF | 1988–1995 | 207 | 28 | 288 | 44 | ![]() |
44 | [38] | |
Paulo Madeira | DF | 1989–1995 1997–2002 |
169 | 4 | 225 | 7 | ![]() |
22 | [70] | |
Paulo Sousa | MF | 1989–1993 | 87 | 1 | 112 | 2 | ![]() |
9 | [70] | |
Jonas Thern | MF | 1989–1992 | 71 | 8 | 101 | 10 | ![]() |
26 | [28] | |
Isaías Soares | FW | 1990–1995 | 125 | 52 | 178 | 71 | — | — | [47] | |
Rui Costa | MF | 1991–1994 2006–2008 |
121 | 18 | 178 | 29 | ![]() |
8 | [71] | |
Stefan Schwarz | DF | 1991–1994 | 77 | 7 | 112 | 10 | ![]() |
25 | [42] | |
Hélder Cristóvão | DF | 1992–1996 2002–2004 |
166 | 11 | 229 | 16 | ![]() |
26 | [72] | |
João Pinto | FW | 1992–2000 | 220 | 64 | 302 | 90 | ![]() |
55 | [73] | |
Michel Preud'homme | GK | 1994–1999 | 147 | 0 | 199 | 0 | — | — | [74] | |
José Calado | MF | 1995–2001 | 138 | 4 | 188 | 8 | ![]() |
2 | [36] | |
Ronaldo Guiaro | DF | 1996–2001 | 111 | 4 | 140 | 5 | — | — | [67] | |
Karel Poborský | MF | 1996–2001 | 61 | 11 | 112 | 17 | ![]() |
35 | [74] | |
Nuno Gomes | FW | 1997–2000 2002–2011 |
169 | 4 | 398 | 166 | ![]() |
60 | [65] | |
Miguel Monteiro | DF | 2000–2005 | 131 | 12 | 161 | 13 | ![]() |
23 | [57] | |
Pedro Mantorras | FW | 2001–2010 | 101 | 29 | 129 | 31 | ![]() |
29 | [75][76] | |
José Moreira | GK | 2001–2011 | 112 | 0 | 148 | 0 | ![]() |
1 | [33] | |
Simão Sabrosa | FW | 2001–2007 | 172 | 76 | 230 | 94 | ![]() |
48 | [49] | |
Zlatko Zahovič | MF | 2001–2005 | 80 | 14 | 102 | 20 | ![]() |
23 | [77] | |
Petit | MF | 2002–2008 | 148 | 12 | 212 | 14 | ![]() |
44 | [78] | |
Ricardo Rocha | DF | 2002–2007 | 115 | 3 | 162 | 3 | ![]() |
6 | [69] | |
Geovanni | FW | 2003–2006 | 91 | 16 | 131 | 23 | — | — | [48] | |
Luisão | DF | 2003– | 293 | 25 | 475 | 44 | ![]() |
35 | [lower-alpha 10][79] | [80][81] |
Quim | GK | 2004–2010 | 144 | 0 | 184 | 0 | ![]() |
11 | [74] | |
Léo Bastos | DF | 2005–2009 | 82 | 1 | 127 | 2 | — | — | [82] | |
Nélson Marcos | DF | 2005–2008 | 72 | 0 | 107 | 2 | — | — | [56] | |
Kostas Katsouranis | MF | 2006–2009 | 80 | 10 | 122 | 15 | ![]() |
31 | [83] | |
Rúben Amorim | MF | 2007–2011 2013–2015 |
95 | 5 | 154 | 6 | ![]() |
14 | [84][85] | |
Ángel Di María | FW | 2007–2010 | 76 | 7 | 124 | 15 | ![]() |
4 | [86] | |
Óscar Cardozo | FW | 2007–2014 | 175 | 112 | 293 | 172 | ![]() |
43 | [87][88] | |
David Luiz | DF | 2007–2011 | 82 | 4 | 131 | 6 | ![]() |
4 | [86] | |
Maxi Pereira | DF | 2007–2015 | 212 | 13 | 333 | 21 | ![]() |
91 | [89][90] | |
Pablo Aimar | MF | 2008–2013 | 107 | 12 | 179 | 17 | ![]() |
1 | [52] | |
Carlos Martins | MF | 2008–2011 2012–2014 |
79 | 6 | 133 | 11 | ![]() |
10 | [91][92] | |
Javi García | MF | 2009–2012 | 74 | 6 | 132 | 14 | ![]() |
1 | [62][93] | |
Javier Saviola | FW | 2009–2012 | 69 | 24 | 122 | 39 | — | — | [43] | |
Nicolás Gaitán | MF | 2010– | 152 | 25 | 253 | 41 | ![]() |
8 | [94][95] | |
Eduardo Salvio | MF | 2010–2011 2012– |
96 | 23 | 162 | 38 | ![]() |
2 | [96][97] | |
Ezequiel Garay | DF | 2011–2014 | 78 | 9 | 136 | 12 | ![]() |
24 | [98][99] | |
Jardel | DF | 2011– | 101 | 7 | 169 | 11 | — | — | [100] | |
Rodrigo Machado | FW | 2011–2014 | 68 | 27 | 120 | 45 | — | — | [101] | |
Artur Moraes | GK | 2011–2015 | 85 | 0 | 144 | 0 | — | — | [102] | |
Enzo Pérez | MF | 2011 2012–2014 |
70 | 9 | 117 | 10 | ![]() |
10 | [103][104] | |
Rodrigo Lima | FW | 2012–2015 | 89 | 53 | 144 | 70 | — | — | [105] | |
André Almeida | DF | 2012– | 73 | 0 | 132 | 0 | ![]() |
8 | [106][107] |
Players with fewer than 100 appearances
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Footnotes
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References
General
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Specific
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 15.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Pereira 2014, p. 19.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 18.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 37.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 104.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Pereira 2014, p. 78.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Tovar 2012, p. 770.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Pereira 2014, p. 87.
- ↑ Pereira 2014, p. 135.
- ↑ Pereira 2014, p. 45.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Tovar 2012, p. 699.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Tovar 2012, p. 720.
- ↑ Pereira 2014, p. 91.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Tovar 2012, p. 759.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 713.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Tovar 2012, p. 681.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Tovar 2012, p. 747.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 710.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Tovar 2012, p. 757.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 704.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 Tovar 2012, p. 696.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 709.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 729.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 Tovar 2012, p. 755.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 722.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 Tovar 2012, p. 687.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Tovar 2012, p. 716.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 Tovar 2012, p. 706.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 Tovar 2012, p. 733.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 Tovar 2012, p. 698.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 Tovar 2012, p. 689.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 Tovar 2012, p. 693.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 Tovar 2012, p. 685.
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 Tovar 2012, p. 738.
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 Tovar 2012, p. 682.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 695.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 Pereira 2014, p. 97.
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 Tovar 2012, p. 750.
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 Tovar 2012, p. 751.
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 Tovar 2012, p. 736.
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 Tovar 2012, p. 756.
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 Tovar 2012, p. 705.
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 Tovar 2012, p. 715.
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 Tovar 2012, p. 711.
- ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 Tovar 2012, p. 752.
- ↑ 50.0 50.1 Tovar 2012, p. 745.
- ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 Tovar 2012, p. 726.
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 Tovar 2012, p. 680.
- ↑ 53.0 53.1 Tovar 2012, p. 701.
- ↑ 54.0 54.1 Tovar 2012, p. 721.
- ↑ Pereira 2014, p. 108.
- ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 Tovar 2012, p. 735.
- ↑ 57.0 57.1 Tovar 2012, p. 731.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 719.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 690.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 697.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 743.
- ↑ 62.0 62.1 Tovar 2012, p. 717.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 694.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 758.
- ↑ 65.0 65.1 Tovar 2012, p. 737.
- ↑ 66.0 66.1 Tovar 2012, p. 760.
- ↑ 67.0 67.1 Tovar 2012, p. 748.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 734.
- ↑ 69.0 69.1 Tovar 2012, p. 746.
- ↑ 70.0 70.1 Tovar 2012, p. 740.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 749.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 714.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 718.
- ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 Tovar 2012, p. 744.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 727.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Lua error in Module:WikidataCheck at line 28: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 761.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 742.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Lua error in Module:WikidataCheck at line 28: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 724.
- ↑ Tovar 2012, p. 723.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Lua error in Module:WikidataCheck at line 28: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ 86.0 86.1 Tovar 2012, p. 700.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Lua error in Module:WikidataCheck at line 28: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Lua error in Module:WikidataCheck at line 28: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Lua error in Module:WikidataCheck at line 28: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Lua error in Module:WikidataCheck at line 28: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Lua error in Module:WikidataCheck at line 28: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Lua error in Module:WikidataCheck at line 28: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Lua error in Module:WikidataCheck at line 28: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Lua error in Module:WikidataCheck at line 28: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Lua error in Module:WikidataCheck at line 28: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Cite error: <ref>
tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <references group="lower-alpha"/>
tag was found, or a closing </ref>
is missing