List of golf courses designed by Old Tom Morris

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The Old Course was redesigned by Old Tom Morris and Allan Robertson
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Old Tom Morris playing on the Old Course at St Andrews in 1905
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The 18th hole on the Old Course, named in honour of Old Tom Morris

Old Tom Morris (16 June 1821 – 24 May 1908) designed or remodelled about 75 golf courses throughout his life in the British Isles,[1] including The Open Championship courses of Prestwick, the Old Course at St Andrews, Muirfield, Royal Portrush, and Carnoustie.[2][3] GolfPass has said that "You could make an argument that Old Tom Morris is the greatest golf course architect who ever lived".[4][5]

Career

Morris started designing golf courses whilst working at Carnoustie, when he was employed as an apprentice to Allan Robertson.[6] Many of the courses that he subsequently designed have since been remodelled, but not all of them. In 1850, Allan Robertson initially designed the Carnoustie Golf Links, Old Tom Morris remodelled and extended it to a full 18 holes in the early 1870s.[7] Carnoustie's only surviving Morris hole is the par 5 6th hole, previously known as "Long", it was officially renamed on 24 September 2003 as "Hogan’s Alley" by the 1999 Open Championship winner at Carnoustie Paul Lawrie in honour of Ben Hogan's victory at the same course in The Open in 1953.[7]

File:Old Tom Morris on the Himalayas 1892.jpg
Old Tom Morris playing on The Himalayas putting course

He also laid out The Himalayas, 9-hole putting course in St Andrews in 1867 for the St Andrews Ladies Golf Club. It lies next to the Old Course, north of the Swilcan Burn. It is thought that it was the first minigolf or 'miniature links' course in the world, and it's now both a 9-hole and 18-hole putting course.[8][9]

Morris introduced many of the greenskeeping techniques that are still used today, including:[10]

  • He standardised the length of a golf course to 18 holes.[11]
  • The first to use a lawn mower to cut putting greens.[11]
  • He is said to have accidentally discovered the benefits of routinely dressing the tops of greens with sand to improve the density and uniformity of the putting turf, when he accidentally spilled a wheelbarrow full of sand onto a green.[10][12]
  • Using fertilisers, lime, sulfates, and compost to improve the growth of the turf.[10][12]
  • Using drainage and irrigation to improve linksland golf courses, by digging shallow wells at each green for irrigation and with making minor drainage improvements to bunkers.[10]
  • The first strategic design of hazards such that hazards could work as markers so that players could plan their play around them. Before his time, hazards, such as bunkers, were left alone. Morris began managing the state of these hazards.[10][12]
  • Yardage markers, which tell golfers how far they are from the green. The markers can indicate that they are for example 200 yards, 150 yards, or 100 yards from the green.[10][12]
  • The first tee boxes, also known as the teeing area. Before his time, golfers would tee off for the next hole from the green they had just played.[10][12]

Golf courses designed by Old Tom Morris

  Denotes that the course is on the current Open Championship rota
  Denotes that the course has previously hosted The Open Championship, but is not on the current rota
—   Denotes that there is no corroborating evidence to suggest that any other architect was involved in designing the golf course
Country Golf Club (golf course) Location Other architects[lower-alpha 1] Refs
Scotland
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 Alyth Golf Club Alyth James Braid [13][14]
Anstruther Golf Club Anstruther N/A [3][15]
Arbroath Golf Links Elliot Willie Fernie, James Braid [16][17]
Askernish Golf Club Askernish Martin Ebert [18][19]
Bridge of Allan Golf Club Bridge of Allan — [3][20]
Callander Golf Club Callander Willie Fernie [21][22]
Carnoustie Golf Links (Championship)[lower-alpha 2] Carnoustie Allan Robertson, James Braid, James Wright [23][24]
Crail Golfing Society (Balcomie Links) Crail — [25][26]
Crieff Golf Club (Ferntower) Crieff Robert Simpson, James Braid, John Stark [27][28]
Cruden Bay Golf Club (Championship Course) Cruden Bay Archie Simpson, Tom Simpson, Herbert Fowler [27][28]
Cruden Bay Golf Club (St Olaf Course) Cruden Bay Archie Simpson, Tom Simpson, Herbert Fowler [3][29]
Cullen Links Golf Club Cullen Charlie Neaves [30][31]
Dunbar Golf Club Dunbar Ben Sayers, James Braid [32][33]
Dunkeld and Birnam Golf Club Dunkeld — [3][34]
Forfar Golf Club Forfar James Braid [35][36]
Glasgow Golf Club Bearsden James Braid, Dave Thomas [37][38]
The Golf House Club Elie — [39][40]
Helensburgh Golf Club Helensburgh Tom Turnbull, James Braid [41][42]
Kinghorn Golf Club Kinghorn Willie Fernie [3][43]
King James VI Golf Club Perth — [3][44]
Kingussie Golf Club Kingussie Harry Vardon [45][46]
Kirkcaldy Golf Club Kirkcaldy — [3][47]
Ladybank Golf Club Ladybank — [48][49]
Lanark Golf Club Lanark George Sayers, James Braid [50][51]
Leslie Golf Club Leslie — [3][52]
Leven Links Golf Course Leven — [53][54]
Luffness New Golf Club Aberlady — [55][56]
Lundin Golf Club Lundin Links James Braid [57][58]
Machrihanish Golf Club (Championship) Machrihanish Charles Hunter, John Henry Taylor, Guy Campbell [59][60]
Montrose Golf Links Montrose Willie Park Jr., Harry Colt [61][62]
Moray Golf Club (old course) Lossiemouth — [63][64]
Muirfield[lower-alpha 2] Gullane Harry Colt, Tom Simpson [65][66]
Nairn Dunbar Golf Club Nairn James Braid [3][67]
Nairn Golf Club Nairn Archie Simpson, James Braid, Ben Sayers, Mackenzie & Ebert [3][68]
Newtonmore Golf Club Newtonmore Tom Watson, Tom Turnbull [3][69]
North Berwick Golf Club (The West Links) North Berwick Unknown, David Strath, Ben Sayers, C. K. (Cecil Key) Hutchison [70][71]
North Inch Golf Course Perth — [3][72]
Panmure Golf Club Barry James Braid [73][74]
Prestwick Golf Club[lower-alpha 3] Prestwick — [10][75]
The Royal Burgess Golfing Society of Edinburgh Barnton, Edinburgh Willie Park Jr., James Braid, Mackenzie Ross [3][76]
Royal Dornoch Golf Club Dornoch John Henry Taylor, George Duncan [77][78]
Scotscraig Golf Club Tayport James Braid [3][79][80]
St Andrews Ladies’ Putting Club (The Himalayas)[lower-alpha 4] St Andrews — [8][9]
St Andrews Links (Jubilee Course) St Andrews John Angus, Willie Auchterlonie, Donald Steel [10][81][80]
St Andrews Links (New Course) St Andrews William Hall Blyth [10][82][83]
St Andrews Links (Old Course)[lower-alpha 2] St Andrews Unknown, Allan Robertson, Martin Hawtree [84][85]
Stirling Golf Club Stirling Henry Cotton, Howard Swan, Willie Fernie, James Braid [86][87]
Strathpeffer Spa Golf Club Strathpeffer Willie Park Jr., Tom Vardon [88][89]
Tain Golf Club Tain — [90][91]
Tarland Golf Club Tarland — [3][92]
Thornhill Golf Club Thornhill — [93][94]
The West Kilbride Golf Club West Kilbride James Braid [95][96]
England
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 Cleeve Hill Golf Course Cheltenham Alister MacKenzie [97][98]
Cleveland Golf Club Redcar Harry Colt, Donald Steel [97][99]
Dewsbury District Golf Club Mirfield Ted Ray, Peter Alliss, Dave Thomas [3][100]
Kendal Golf Club Kendal Harry Vardon, Tom Vardon, John Henry Taylor [3][101]
Kettering Golf Club Kettering Mackenzie & Ebert [102][103]
Kirby Muxloe Golf Club Kirby Muxloe Simon Gidman [104][105]
Lindrick Golf Club Anston Tom Dunn, Willie Park Jr., Alister MacKenzie [106][107]
Mitcham Golf Club Mitcham Tom Dunn [3][108]
Newcastle United Golf Club Newcastle upon Tyne — [3][109]
Northampton Golf Club Harlestone Cameron Sinclair, Donald Steel, Willie Park, Jr., James Braid [3][110]
Royal Cromer Golf Club Cromer James Braid, John Henry Taylor [111][112]
Royal North Devon Golf Club Westward Ho! Herbert Fowler [113][114]
Wallasey Golf Club Wallasey James Braid, John Henry Taylor, Sandy Herd, Harold Hilton, Fred Hawtree [115][116]
Warkworth Golf Club Warkworth — [3][117]
West Herts Golf Club Croxley Green John Henry Taylor, Alister MacKenzie, Harry Colt [118][119]
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland
Royal County Down Golf Club (Annesley Links) Newcastle Donald Steel, Mackenzie & Ebert [120][121]
Royal County Down Golf Club (Championship Links) George L. Baillie, Harry Vardon, Harry Colt, Donald Steel [122][123]
Royal Portrush Golf Club[lower-alpha 2] Portrush Harry Colt, Mackenzie & Ebert [124][125]
Republic of Ireland
Republic of Ireland		 Lahinch Golf Club Lahinch Charles Gibson, Alister MacKenzie, Martin Hawtree [126][127]
Rosapenna Golf Links (Old Tom Morris Links) Downings James Braid, Harry Vardon, Harry Colt, Pat Ruddy [128][129]
Isle of Man
Isle of Man		 Castletown Golf Links Derbyhaven Mackenzie Ross [3][130]
King Edward Bay Golf Club Douglas — [3][131]
Ramsey Golf Club Ramsey George Lowe, James Braid, Steve Marnoch [3][132]
Wales Wales Pwllheli Golf Club Pwllheli James Braid [3][133]

Open Championship courses designed by Old Tom Morris

See also

Notes

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References

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Further reading

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External links

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