List of heads of state of Romania

This is a list of the heads of state of the modern Romanian state, from the establishment of the United Principalities to the present day.

United Principalities (1859–1881)

House of Cuza (1859–1866)

Domnitor			Reign			Claim
Nº	Portrait	Name (Born–Died)	Reign start	Reign end	Duration
1		Alexandru Ioan Cuza (1820–1873)	24 January 1859	22 February 1866 (Abdicated)		Previously ruled as Prince of Wallachia and Moldavia (in a personal union from 1859 until official unification in 1862)

Princely Lieutenancy (1866)

  Denotes Regency

Regent			Reign			Claim
Nº	Portrait	Name (Born–Died)	Reign start	Reign end	Duration
—		Lascăr Catargiu (1823–1899)	22 February 1866	20 April 1866		Princely Lieutenancy
—		General Nicolae Golescu (1810–1877)
—		Colonel Nicolae Haralambie (1835–1908)

House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1866–1881)

Domnitor			Reign			Claim
Nº	Portrait	Name (Born–Died)	Reign start	Reign end	Duration
1		Carol I (1839–1914)	20 April 1866	15 March 1881		1866 Referendum

Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947)

House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1881–1947)

  Denotes Regent

  Denotes Conducător

King			Reign			Claim
Nº	Portrait	Name (Born–Died)	Reign start	Reign end	Duration
1		Carol I (1839–1914)	15 March 1881	10 October 1914		Previously ruled as Domnitor
2	60px	Ferdinand I (1865–1927)	10 October 1914	20 July 1927		Nephew of Carol I
3		Michael I (1921– )	20 July 1927	8 June 1930 (Deposed)		Grandson of Ferdinand I
—		Prince Nicholas (1903–1978)	20 July 1927	8 June 1930 (Deposed)		Regency Council For Michael I
—		Patriarch Miron Cristea (1868–1939)
—		Gheorghe Buzdugan (1867–1929)		7 October 1929 (Died in Office)
—		Constantin Sărăţeanu (1862–1935)	9 October 1929	8 June 1930
4	60px	Carol II (1893–1953)	8 June 1930	6 September 1940 (Abdicated)		Son of Ferdinand I
(3)	60px	Michael I (1921– )	6 September 1940	30 December 1947 (Abdicated)		Son of Carol II
—		Marshal Ion Antonescu (1882–1946)	6 September 1940	23 August 1944 (Deposed)		Conducător With Michael I

Romanian People's Republic/Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989)

Status

  Denotes Acting Head of State

Head of State			Term of office			Political party	Position(s)
Nº	Portrait	Name (Born–Died)	Took office	Left office	Duration
—		Constantin Ion Parhon (1874–1969)	30 December 1947	13 April 1948		Romanian Workers' Party	President of the Provisional Presidium of the Republic
1			13 April 1948	12 June 1952			President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly
2		Petru Groza (1884–1958)	12 June 1952	7 January 1958 (Died in Office)		Ploughmen's Front (1952–1953) Independent (1953–1958)	President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly
—		Mihail Sadoveanu (1880–1961)	7 January 1958	11 January 1958		Romanian Workers' Party	Acting Presidents of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly
—		Anton Moisescu (1913–1997)				Romanian Workers' Party
3		Ion Gheorghe Maurer (1902–2000)	11 January 1958	21 March 1961		Romanian Workers' Party	President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly
1		Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (1901–1965)	21 March 1961	19 March 1965 (Died in Office)		Romanian Workers' Party	President of the State Council
—		Ion Gheorghe Maurer (1902–2000)	19 March 1965	24 March 1965		Romanian Workers' Party	Acting Presidents of the State Council
—		Ştefan Voitec (1900–1984)				Romanian Workers' Party
—		Avram Bunaciu (1909–1983)				Romanian Workers' Party
2		Chivu Stoica (1908–1975)	24 March 1965	9 December 1967 (Resigned)		Romanian Workers' Party renamed in 1965 to Romanian Communist Party	President of the State Council
3		Nicolae Ceaușescu (1918–1989)	9 December 1967	22 December 1989 (Deposed)		Romanian Communist Party	President of the State Council
1			28 March 1974				President of Romania

Romania since 1989

The Constitution of Romania prohibits the President to be a member of any party while in office. The parties listed below represent the political affiliation before the 1991 Constitution was adopted and the party affiliation of the ad interim Presidents, for whom such a restriction is not explicitly stipulated in the law.

Status

  Denotes ad interim President

Head of State			Term of office			Political party	Position(s)
Nº	Portrait	Name (Born–Died)	Took office	Left office	Duration
—		Council of the National Salvation Front	22 December 1989	26 December 1989		National Salvation Front	Collective Head of State
—		Ion Iliescu (1930– )	26 December 1989	6 February 1990		National Salvation Front	President of Council of the National Salvation Front
			6 February 1990	20 June 1990			President of the Provisional National Unity Council
2			20 June 1990	7 April 1992			President of Romania
(2)			7 April 1992	11 October 1992		Democratic National Salvation Front
(2)			11 October 1992	29 November 1996		Independent
3		Emil Constantinescu (1939– )	29 November 1996	20 December 2000		Independent	President of Romania
(2)		Ion Iliescu (1930– )	20 December 2000	20 December 2004		Independent	President of Romania
4		Traian Băsescu (1951– )	20 December 2004	20 April 2007 (Suspended)		Independent	President of Romania
—		Nicolae Văcăroiu (1943– )	20 April 2007	23 May 2007		Social Democratic Party	ad interim President of Romania (as President of the Senate)
(4)		Traian Băsescu (1951– )	23 May 2007 (Reinstated)	10 July 2012 (Suspended)		Independent	President of Romania
—		Crin Antonescu (1959– )	10 July 2012	27 August 2012		National Liberal Party	ad interim President of Romania (as President of the Senate)
(4)		Traian Băsescu (1951– )	27 August 2012 (Reinstated)	21 December 2014		Independent	President of Romania
5		Klaus Iohannis (1959– )	21 December 2014	Incumbent		Independent	President of Romania

Living former heads of state

Name	Term/Reign	Office	Date of birth
Michael I	1927–1930, 1940–1947	King of the Romanians	25 October 1921
Ion Iliescu	1990–1996, 2000–2004	President of Romania	3 March 1930
Emil Constantinescu	1996–2000	President of Romania	19 November 1939
Traian Băsescu	2004–2014	President of Romania	4 November 1951
Nicolae Văcăroiu	20.04.2007–23.05.2007	Interim President	5 December 1943
Crin Antonescu	10.07.2012–27.08.2012	Interim President	21 September 1959

Timeline

Further information: Lifespan Timeline of Heads of State of Romania

Further information: Lifespan Timeline of Presidents of Romania

See also

• Domnitor
• King of the Romanians
• President of Romania

Footnotes and references

• Bulei, Ion, O istorie a românilor, Editura Meronia, Bucureşti, 2007, pg. 266-267

External links

• The President of Romania
• Romanian Royal Family