Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs

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Secretary of State
for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs
Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (HM Government).svg
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
Style Foreign Secretary
(informal)
The Right Honourable
(UK and Commonwealth)
His Excellency
(international)[1]
Status Great Office of State
Member of Cabinet
Privy Council
National Security Council (NSC)
Reports to The Prime Minister
Residence No. 1 Carlton Gardens
Seat Westminster
Appointer The Crown
on advice of the Prime Minister
Term length At Her Majesty's pleasure
Formation 27 March 1782
First holder Charles James Fox
Website www.gov.uk

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. The Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, also referred to as the Foreign Secretary, is a senior Minister of the Crown within the Government of the United Kingdom, and head of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. As one of the four Great Offices of State, the Foreign Secretary is a senior member of the British Cabinet.

The current Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs is Dominic Raab, MP, since his appointment by Prime Minister Boris Johnson in July 2019.[2]

Responsibilities

Corresponding to what is generally known as a foreign minister in many other countries, the Foreign Secretary's remit includes:

Residence

The official residence of the Foreign Secretary is 1 Carlton Gardens, in London. They also have the use of Chevening House, a country house in Kent, South East England. The Foreign Secretary works out of the Foreign Office in Whitehall.

History

The position of Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs was created in the British governmental reorganisation of 1782, in which the Northern and Southern Departments became the Foreign Office and Home Office respectively. Eventually, the position of Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs came into existence in 1968 with the merger of the functions of Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs into a single Department of State. The India Office was a constituent predecessor department of the Foreign Office, as were the Colonial Office and the Dominions Office. Margaret Beckett, appointed in 2006 by Tony Blair, is the only woman to have held the post. The post of Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs was created in 2020 when position holder Dominic Raab absorbed the responsibilities of the Secretary of State for International Development.

List of Foreign Secretaries

Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs (1782–1968)

Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs[7]
Portrait Name[8]
(Birth–Death)
Term of office Party Ministry Monarch
(Reign)
Ref.
Charles James Fox00.jpg The Right Honourable
Charles James Fox

MP for Westminster
(1749–1806)
27 March
1782
5 July
1782
Whig Rockingham II George III
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1801-1816).svg
(1760–1820)
[1782 1]
[7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
Thomas Robinson
2nd Baron Grantham
PC

(1738–1786)
13 July
1782
2 April
1783
Whig Shelburne
(WhigTory)
[7]:{{{3}}}
Charles James Fox00.jpg The Right Honourable
Charles James Fox

MP for Westminster
(1749–1806)
2 April
1783
19 December
1783
Whig Fox–North [7]:{{{3}}}
1stMarquessOfBuckingham.jpg The Right Honourable
George Nugent-Temple-Grenville
3rd Earl Temple
PC

(1753–1813)
19 December
1783
23 December
1783
Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory Template:Party shading/Tories rowspan=4 | Pitt I [7]:{{{3}}}
Francis Osborne cropped.jpg His Grace
Francis Osborne
5th Duke of Leeds
KGPC

(1751–1799)
23 December
1783
May
1791
Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory [7]:{{{3}}}
1st Baron Grenville-cropped.jpg The Right Honourable
William Grenville
1st Baron Grenville
PCPC (Ire)

(1759–1834)
8 June
1791
20 February
1801
Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory [7]:{{{3}}}
Earl jenkinson.jpg The Right Honourable
Robert Jenkinson
2nd Baron Hawkesbury
PCFRS

MP for Rye[1782 2]
(1770–1828)
20 February
1801
14 May
1804
rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory [7]:{{{3}}}
Template:Party shading/Tories | Addington
1stEarlOfHarrowby.jpg The Right Honourable
Dudley Ryder
2nd Baron Harrowby
PCFSA

(1762–1847)
14 May
1804
11 January
1805
Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Tories | Pitt II [7]:{{{3}}}
Henry Phipps, 1st Earl of Mulgrave by Sir William Beechey.jpg The Right Honourable
Henry Phipps
3rd Baron Mulgrave
PC

(1755–1831)
11 January
1805
7 February
1806
Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory [7]:{{{3}}}
Charles James Fox00.jpg The Right Honourable
Charles James Fox

MP for Westminster
(1749–1806)
7 February
1806
13 September
1806
Whig All the Talents
(WhigTory)
[7]:{{{3}}}
Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey by Sir Thomas Lawrence.jpg The Right Honourable
Charles Grey
Viscount Howick
PC

MP for Northumberland
(1764–1845)
24 September
1806
25 March
1807
Whig [7]:{{{3}}}
George Canning by Richard Evans - detail.jpg The Right Honourable
George Canning

(1770–1827)
25 March
1807
11 October
1809
Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory Template:Party shading/Tories | Portland II [7]:{{{3}}}
Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst by William Salter.jpg The Right Honourable
Henry Bathurst
3rd Earl Bathurst
PC

(1762–1834)
11 October
1809
6 December
1809
Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Tories | Perceval [7]:{{{3}}}
Richard Colley Wellesley, Marquess Wellesley by John Philip Davis ('Pope' Davis).jpg The Most Honourable
Richard Wellesley
1st Marquess Wellesley
KGPCPC (Ire)

(1760–1842)
6 December
1809
4 March
1812
Independent [7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Most Honourable
Robert Stewart
2nd Marquess of Londonderry
KGGCHPCPC (Ire)

(1769–1822)
4 March
1812
12 August
1822
rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory rowspan=3 Template:Party shading/Tories | Liverpool [7]:{{{3}}}
George IV
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1816-1837).svg
(1820–1830)
George Canning by Richard Evans - detail.jpg The Right Honourable
George Canning
FRS

MP for 3 constituencies respectively
(1770–1827)
16 September
1822
30 April
1827
Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory [7]:{{{3}}}
1stEarlOfDudley.jpg The Right Honourable
John Ward
1st Earl of Dudley
PCFRS

(1781–1833)
30 April
1827
2 June
1828
rowspan=3 Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory Canning
(CanningiteWhig)
[7]:{{{3}}}
Goderich
Template:Party shading/Tories rowspan=3 | Wellington–Peel
Earlofaberdeen.jpg The Right Honourable
George Hamilton-Gordon
4th Earl of Aberdeen
KTFRSPCFSA Scot

(1784–1860)
2 June
1828
22 November
1830
rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory [7]:{{{3}}}
William IV
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1816-1837).svg
(1830–1837)
Lord Palmerston 1855.jpg The Right Honourable
Henry John Temple
3rd Viscount Palmerston
GCBPC

MP for 3 constituencies respectively
(1784–1865)
22 November
1830
14 November
1834
Whig Grey [7]:{{{3}}}
Melbourne I
75px Field MarshalHis Grace
Arthur Wellesley
1st Duke of Wellington
KGGCBGCHPC

(1769–1852)
14 November
1834
18 April
1835
Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory Template:Party shading/Tories | Wellington Caretaker [7]:{{{3}}}
Conservative Peel I
Lord Palmerston 1855.jpg The Right Honourable
Henry John Temple
3rd Viscount Palmerston
GCBPC

MP for Tiverton
(1784–1865)
18 April
1835
2 September
1841
Whig Melbourne II [7]:{{{3}}}
Victoria
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1837–1901)
Earlofaberdeen.jpg The Right Honourable
George Hamilton-Gordon
4th Earl of Aberdeen
KTFRSPCFSA Scot

(1784–1860)
2 September
1841
6 July
1846
Conservative Peel II [7]:{{{3}}}
Lord Palmerston 1855.jpg The Right Honourable
Henry John Temple
3rd Viscount Palmerston
GCBPC

MP for Tiverton
(1784–1865)
6 July
1846
26 December
1851
Whig Russell I [7]:{{{3}}}
Second Earl Granville.jpg The Right Honourable
Granville Leveson-Gower
2nd Earl Granville
PC

(1815–1891)
26 December
1851
27 February
1852
Whig [7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
James Howard Harris
3rd Earl of Malmesbury
PC

(1807–1889)
27 February
1852
28 December
1852
Conservative Who? Who? [7]:{{{3}}}
Lord john russell.jpg The Right Honourable
Lord John Russell
FRS

MP for the City of London
(1792–1878)
28 December
1852
21 February
1853
Whig Aberdeen
(PeeliteWhig)
[7]:{{{3}}}
4thEarlOfClarendon.jpg The Right Honourable
George Villiers
4th Earl of Clarendon
KGGCBPC

(1800–1870)
21 February
1853
26 February
1858
Whig [7]:{{{3}}}
Palmerston I
75px The Right Honourable
James Howard Harris
3rd Earl of Malmesbury
GCBPC

(1807–1889)
26 February
1858
18 June
1859
Conservative Derby–Disraeli II [7]:{{{3}}}
Lord john russell.jpg The Right Honourable
John Russell
1st Earl Russell
KGPCFRS

(1792–1878)
18 June
1859
3 November
1865
Liberal Palmerston II [7]:{{{3}}}
4thEarlOfClarendon.jpg The Right Honourable
George Villiers
4th Earl of Clarendon
KGGCBPC

(1800–1870)
3 November
1865
6 July
1866
Liberal Russell II [7]:{{{3}}}
Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby 2.jpg The Right Honourable
Edward Stanley
Lord Stanley
PCFRS

MP for King's Lynn
(1826–1893)
6 July
1866
9 December
1868
Conservative Derby–Disraeli III [7]:{{{3}}}
4thEarlOfClarendon.jpg The Right Honourable
George Villiers
4th Earl of Clarendon
KGGCBPC

(1800–1870)
9 December
1868
6 July
1870
Liberal Gladstone I [7]:{{{3}}}
Second Earl Granville.jpg The Right Honourable
Granville Leveson-Gower
2nd Earl Granville
KGPCFRS

(1815–1891)
6 July
1870
21 February
1874
Liberal [7]:{{{3}}}
Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby 2.jpg The Right Honourable
Edward Stanley
15th Earl of Derby
PCFRS

(1826–1893)
21 February
1874
2 April
1878
Conservative Disraeli II [7]:{{{3}}}
Robert cecil.jpg The Most Honourable
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3rd Marquess of Salisbury
KGPCFRSDL

(1830–1903)
2 April
1878
28 April
1880
Conservative [7]:{{{3}}}
Second Earl Granville.jpg The Right Honourable
Granville Leveson-Gower
2nd Earl Granville
KGPCFRS

(1815–1891)
28 April
1880
24 June
1885
Liberal Gladstone II [7]:{{{3}}}
Robert cecil.jpg The Most Honourable
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3rd Marquess of Salisbury
KGPCFRSDL

(1830–1903)
24 June
1885
6 February
1886
Conservative Salisbury I [7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
Archibald Primrose
5th Earl of Rosebery
PCFRS

(1847–1929)
6 February
1886
3 August
1886
Liberal Gladstone III [7]:{{{3}}}
Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh.jpg The Right Honourable
Stafford Northcote
1st Earl of Iddesleigh
GCBPCFRS

(1818–1887)
3 August
1886
12 January
1887
Conservative Salisbury II [7]:{{{3}}}
Robert cecil.jpg The Most Honourable
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3rd Marquess of Salisbury
KGPCFRSDL

(1830–1903)
14 January
1887
11 August
1892
Conservative [7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
Archibald Primrose
5th Earl of Rosebery
KGPCFRS

(1847–1929)
18 August
1892
11 March
1894
Liberal Gladstone IV [7]:{{{3}}}
1st Earl of Kimberley 1897.jpg The Right Honourable
John Wodehouse
1st Earl of Kimberley
KGPCDL

(1826–1902)
11 March
1894
21 June
1895
Liberal Rosebery [7]:{{{3}}}
Robert cecil.jpg The Most Honourable
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3rd Marquess of Salisbury
KGPCFRSDL

(1830–1903)
29 June
1895
12 November
1900
Conservative Salisbury
(III & IV)

(Con.Lib.U.)
[7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Most Honourable
Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice
5th Marquess of Lansdowne
KGGCSIGCMGGCIEPC

(1845–1927)
12 November
1900
4 December
1905
Template:Party shading/Liberal Unionist rowspan=3 | Liberal Unionist [7]:{{{3}}}
Edward VII
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1901–1910)
Balfour
Picture of Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir Edward Grey
BtDL

MP for Berwick-upon-Tweed
(1862–1933)
10 December
1905
10 December
1916
Liberal Campbell-Bannerman [7]:{{{3}}}
Asquith
(I–III)
George V
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1910–1936)
Asquith Coalition
(Lib.Con.–et al.)
75px The Right Honourable
Arthur Balfour
OMFRSDL

MP for the City of London
(1848–1930)
10 December
1916
23 October
1919
Conservative Lloyd George
(I & II)
[7]:{{{3}}}
Curzon GGBain.jpg The Most Honourable
George Curzon
1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston
KGGCSIGCIEPC

(1859–1925)
23 October
1919
22 January
1924
Conservative [7]:{{{3}}}
Law
Baldwin I
75px The Right Honourable
Ramsay MacDonald

MP for Aberavon
(1866–1937)
22 January
1924
3 November
1924
Labour MacDonald I [7]:{{{3}}}
Austen Chamberlain nobel.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir Austen Chamberlain
KG

MP for Birmingham West
(1863–1937)
6 November
1924
4 June
1929
Conservative Baldwin II [7]:{{{3}}}
1910 Arthur Henderson.jpg The Right Honourable
Arthur Henderson

MP for Burnley
(1863–1935)
7 June
1929
24 August
1931
Labour MacDonald II [7]:{{{3}}}
Rufus Isaacs.jpg The Most Honourable
Rufus Isaacs
1st Marquess of Reading
GCBGCSIGCIEGCVOPCKC

(1860–1935)
25 August
1931
5 November
1931
Liberal National I
(N.Lab.Con.–et al.)
[7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
Sir John Simon
GCSIOBE

MP for Spen Valley
(1873–1954)
5 November
1931
7 June
1935
Template:Party shading/Liberal National | Liberal National National II [7]:{{{3}}}
Sir Samuel Hoare GGBain.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir Samuel Hoare
BtGCSIGBECMGJP

MP for Chelsea
(1880–1959)
7 June
1935
18 December
1935
Conservative National III
(Con.N.Lab.–et al.)
[7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
Anthony Eden
MC

MP for Warwick & Leamington
(1897–1977)
22 December
1935
20 February
1938
Conservative [7]:{{{3}}}
Edward VIII
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1936)
George VI
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1936–1952)
National IV
1st Earl of Halifax 1947.jpg The Right Honourable
Edward Wood
3rd Viscount Halifax
PC

(1881–1959)
21 February
1938
22 December
1940
Conservative [7]:{{{3}}}
Chamberlain War
Churchill War
(All parties)
75px The Right Honourable
Anthony Eden
MC

MP for Warwick & Leamington
(1897–1977)
22 December
1940
26 July
1945
Conservative [7]:{{{3}}}
Churchill Caretaker
(Con.Lib.N.)
Ernest Bevin cph.3b17494.jpg The Right Honourable
Ernest Bevin

(1881–1951)
27 July
1945
9 March
1951
Labour Attlee
(I & II)
[7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
Herbert Morrison

MP for Lewisham South
(1888–1965)
9 March
1951
26 October
1951
Labour [7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
Sir Anthony Eden
KGMC

MP for Warwick & Leamington
(1897–1977)
28 October
1951
7 April
1955
Conservative Churchill III [7]:{{{3}}}
Elizabeth II
Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg
(1952–present)
75px The Right Honourable
Harold Macmillan

MP for Bromley
(1894–1986)
7 April
1955
20 December
1955
Conservative Eden [7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
Selwyn Lloyd
CBEQC

MP for Wirral
(1904–1978)
20 December
1955
27 July
1960
Conservative [7]:{{{3}}}
Macmillan
(I & II)
Alec Douglas-Home (c1963).jpg The Right Honourable
Alec Douglas-Home
14th Earl of Home
PC

(1903–1995)
27 July
1960
20 October
1963
Conservative [7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
Richard Austen Butler
CH

MP for Saffron Walden
(1902–1982)
20 October
1963
16 October
1964
Conservative Douglas-Home [7]:{{{3}}}
The Right Honourable
Patrick Gordon Walker

Neither an MP nor a Lord[1782 5]
(1907–1980)
16 October
1964
22 January
1965
Labour Wilson
(I & II)
[7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
Michael Stewart

MP for Fulham
(1906–1990)
22 January
1965
11 August
1966
Labour [7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
George Brown

MP for Belper
(1914–1985)
11 August
1966
16 March
1968
Labour [7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
Michael Stewart

MP for Fulham
(1906–1990)
16 March
1968
17 October
1968
Labour [7]:{{{3}}}

[9][10]

^† Died in office.
  1. The Prince of Wales served as Prince Regent from 5 February 1811.
  2. Elevated to the Peerage of the United Kingdom in November 1803.
  3. Elected to a new constituency in the 1807 general election.
  4. Elected to a new constituency in the 1950 general election.
  5. Walker was the MP for Smethwick and Labour's shadow Foreign Secretary, prior to the 1964 general election. He lost his seat in the election but was appointed to the post anyway. He resigned after fighting and losing a 1965 by-election in Leyton.

Secretaries of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (1968–2020)

Post created through the merger of the Foreign Office and the Commonwealth Office.

Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
Portrait Name[8]
(Birth–Death)
Term of office Party Ministry Sovereign
(Reign)
Ref.
75px The Right Honourable
Michael Stewart

MP for Fulham
(1906–1990)
17 October
1968
19 June
1970
Labour Wilson
(I & II)
Elizabeth II
Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg
(1952–present)
[7]:{{{3}}}
Alec Douglas-Home (c1963).jpg The Right Honourable
Sir Alec Douglas-Home
KT

MP for Kinross and Western Perthshire
(1903–1995)
20 June
1970
4 March
1974
Conservative Heath [7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
James Callaghan

MP for Cardiff South East
(1912–2005)
5 March
1974
8 April
1976
Labour Wilson
(III & IV)
[7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
Anthony Crosland

MP for Great Grimsby
(1918–1977)
8 April
1976
19 February
1977
Labour Callaghan [7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
David Owen

MP for Plymouth Devonport
(born 1938)
22 February
1977
4 May
1979
Labour [7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
Peter Carington
6th Baron Carrington
KCMGMCPCDL

(1919–2018)
4 May
1979
5 April
1982
Conservative Thatcher I [7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
Francis Pym
MC

MP for Cambridgeshire
(1922–2008)
6 April
1982
11 June
1983
Conservative [7]:{{{3}}}
Geoffrey Howe.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir Geoffrey Howe
QC

MP for East Surrey
(1926–2015)
11 June
1983
24 July
1989
Conservative Thatcher II [7]:{{{3}}}
Thatcher III
75px The Right Honourable
John Major

MP for Huntingdon
(born 1943)
24 July
1989
26 October
1989
Conservative [7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
Douglas Hurd
CBE

MP for Witney
(born 1930)
26 October
1989
5 July
1995
Conservative [7]:{{{3}}}
Major I
Major II
75px The Right Honourable
Malcolm Rifkind
QC

MP for Edinburgh Pentlands
(born 1946)
5 July
1995
2 May
1997
Conservative [7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
Robin Cook

MP for Livingston
(1946–2005)
2 May
1997
8 June
2001
Labour Blair I [7]:{{{3}}}
Jack Straw meeting with Rumsfeld at Pentagon, May 19, 2005, cropped.jpg The Right Honourable
Jack Straw

MP for Blackburn
(born 1946)
8 June
2001
5 May
2006
Labour Blair II [7]:{{{3}}}
Blair III
75px The Right Honourable
Margaret Beckett

MP for Derby South
(born 1943)
5 May
2006
28 June
2007
Labour [7]:{{{3}}}
David Miliband 2.jpg The Right Honourable
David Miliband

MP for South Shields
(born 1965)
28 June
2007
11 May
2010
Labour Brown [7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
William Hague
FRSL

MP for Richmond (Yorks)
(born 1961)
12 May
2010
14 July
2014
Conservative Cameron–Clegg
(Con.L.D.)
[7]:{{{3}}}
75px The Right Honourable
Philip Hammond

MP for Runnymede and Weybridge
(born 1955)
14 July
2014
13 July
2016
Conservative [7]:{{{3}}}
Cameron II
Boris Johnson MP.jpg The Right Honourable
Boris Johnson

MP for Uxbridge and South Ruislip
(born 1964)
13 July
2016
9 July
2018
Conservative May I [7]:{{{3}}}[11]
May II
75px The Right Honourable
Jeremy Hunt

MP for South West Surrey
(born 1966)
9 July
2018
24 July
2019
Conservative [12]
75px The Right Honourable
Dominic Raab

MP for Esher and Walton
(born 1974)
24 July
2019
2 September
2020
Conservative Johnson I [2]
Johnson II

Secretaries of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs (2020–present)

Post created through the merger of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and the Department for International Development.

Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs
Portrait Name[8]
(Birth–Death)
Term of office Party Ministry Sovereign
(Reign)
Ref.
75px The Right Honourable
Dominic Raab

MP for Esher and Walton
(born 1974)
2 September
2020
Incumbent Conservative Johnson II Elizabeth II
Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg
(1952–present)

See also

References

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  7. 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.28 7.29 7.30 7.31 7.32 7.33 7.34 7.35 7.36 7.37 7.38 7.39 7.40 7.41 7.42 7.43 7.44 7.45 7.46 7.47 7.48 7.49 7.50 7.51 7.52 7.53 7.54 7.55 7.56 7.57 7.58 7.59 7.60 7.61 7.62 7.63 7.64 7.65 7.66 7.67 7.68 7.69 7.70 7.71 7.72 7.73 7.74 7.75 7.76 7.77 7.78 7.79 7.80 7.81 7.82 7.83 7.84 7.85 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Including honorifics and constituencies for elected MPs.
  9. https://www.arbetsformedlingen.se/For-arbetssokande/Platsbanken/annonser/8378625
  10. https://www.google.se/maps/@59.3230053,18.0720313,587a,35y,90h/data=!3m1!1e3
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Further reading

  • Cecil, Algernon. British foreign secretaries, 1807–1916: studies in personality and policy (1927). pp. 89–130. online
  • Goodman, Sam. The Imperial Premiership: The Role of the Modern Prime Minister in Foreign Policy Making, 1964–2015 (Oxford UP, 2016).
  • Hughes, Michael. British Foreign Secretaries in an Uncertain World, 1919–1939. (Routledge, 2004).
  • Johnson, Gaynor. "Introduction: The Foreign Office and British Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century," Contemporary British History, (2004) 18:3, 1–12, DOI: 10.1080/1361946042000259279
  • Neilson, Keith, and Thomas G. Otte. The permanent under-secretary for foreign affairs, 1854–1946 (Routledge, 2008).
  • Otte, Thomas G. The Foreign Office Mind: The Making of British Foreign Policy, 1865–1914 (Cambridge UP, 2011).
  • Steiner, Zara. The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy, 1898–1914 (1986).
  • Temperley, Harold. "British Secret Diplomacy from Canning to Grey." Cambridge Historical Journal 6.1 (1938): 1–32.
  • Theakston, Kevin, ed. British foreign secretaries since 1974 (Routledge, 2004).
  • Wilson, Keith M., ed. British foreign secretaries and foreign policy: from Crimean War to First World War (1987).

External links