Consonants |
IPA |
Examples |
English approximations |
b |
bach, cwbl, mab |
be |
d |
dydd, cadw, tad |
do |
dʒ |
joio, garej, diengyd (colloquial) |
just |
ð |
ddoe, deuddeg, bedd |
the |
f |
ffenest, ei phen, cyffro, corff |
find |
ɡ |
glân, cegin, cig |
get |
h |
haul, gwahanol |
have |
j |
iaith, geiriadur |
you |
k |
cig, acw, ac |
sky, AAVE street |
l |
leicio, Alban, bol |
like |
ɬ |
llyfr, cyllell |
No equivalent in English; some speakers pronounce a voiceless palatal fricative instead (the sound in hue)[1] |
m |
mab, cymaint, dim |
me |
m̥ |
fy mhen, ym Mhen-y-bont |
wormhole |
n |
nerth, anadlu, gwyn |
no |
n̥ |
fy nhad, yn Nhywyn |
unhappy |
ŋ |
fy ngwely, trengi, rhwng |
thing |
ŋ̊ |
fy nghŵn, yng Nghymru |
Shanghai |
p |
pen, copa, map |
open |
r |
radio, garw, dŵr |
right but trilled |
r̥ |
rhestr, anrheg |
Voiceless r as in pretty but trilled |
s |
Saesnes, swsus |
see |
ʃ |
siarad, siop, brwsh |
she |
t |
tatws, at |
stop |
tʃ |
tsieini, wats |
chance |
θ |
thus, athro, peth |
think |
v |
faint, afal, arf |
very |
w |
wedyn, ei wraig, gwlân |
was |
χ |
chwaer, tuchan, bwlch |
Not present in English; same as German Bach |
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Monophthongs |
IPA |
Examples |
English approximations |
a |
sant, pàs |
sand |
ɑː |
mab, sâl |
father |
eː |
peth, trên |
air |
ə |
cymydog, rỳg |
about |
ɛ |
perth, mès |
well |
iː |
hir, tîm |
be |
ɪ |
tipyn, sgìl |
it |
ɨ̞ |
punt, gwyn |
pin |
ɨː |
llun, bûm, rhy, tŷ |
tea |
oː |
bro, ôl |
Scottish English toe |
ɔ |
bron, glòs |
gone |
uː |
cwch, dŵr |
pool |
ʊ |
cwm, mẁg |
put |
Diphthongs |
IPA |
Examples |
English approximations |
ai |
tai |
eye |
aɨ |
cau, nesáu |
pie |
au |
llaw |
around |
ɑːɨ |
hael, cae |
|
ɛu |
llew |
wayward |
əi |
Seisnig |
|
əɨ |
gwneud |
|
əu |
bywyd |
RP toe |
ɪu |
lliw |
|
ɨu |
Duw, menyw |
|
ɔi |
osgoi |
boy |
ɔɨ |
coeden |
|
ʊɨ |
mwy, gŵyl |
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