Buccinum

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Buccinum
Buccinum undatum.jpg
A live individual of Buccinum undatum being held above the substrate
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Caenogastropoda

clade Hypsogastropoda

clade Neogastropoda
Superfamily:
Buccinoidea
Family:
Buccinidae
Subfamily:
Buccininae
Tribe:
Buccinini
Genus:
Buccinum
Type species
Buccinum undatum
Linnaeus, 1758
Species

See text
Synonyms
  • Mada Jeffreys, 1867 (Invalid: junior homonym of Mada Mulsant, 1850; Mala and Madiella are replacement names)
  • Madiella Wenz, 1943 (Replacement name for Mada Jeffreys, 1867)
  • Mala Cossmann, 1901 (Replacement name for Mada Jeffreys, 1867, but itself a junior homonym of Mala Distant, 1854)
  • Nassa (Buccinum) Linnaeus, 1758
  • Reticubuccinum Ito & Habe, 1980
  • Tritonellium Valenciennes, 1858 (unnecessary replacement name for Tritonium O. F. Müller, 1776, by Valenciennes considered a homonym of Tritonia Cuvier)
  • Tritonium O. F. Müller, 1776
  • Tritonium (Buccinum) Linnaeus, 1758

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Buccinum is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks. [2]

Snails in this genus are commonly called whelks, a name shared with several related and unrelated species. The common whelk Buccinum undatum is the most common representative of the genus in the northern Atlantic Ocean.

Description

The shell is ovate or ovate-conical and elongated. The spire is moderate and pointed. The aperture is oval or oblong with a deep notch anteriorly and without a siphonal canal. The columella is plain, not flattened, swollen above, and oftened covered with a wide and flattened calcareous callosity, of more diaphanous substance. There sometimes exists a fold at the base of the columella. The outer lip is plain, quite thin, sometimes recurved, and forming a margin on the exterior. The thin, horny operculum is ovate and concentrically striate.

The soft body is elongated and spiral. The foot almost always considerable and subelliptical. It is shielded or two-lobed before, emarginated behind, bearing an operculum. The mantle is simple and forms a thin-edged flap over the branchial cavity. It is provided with a branchial siphon, projecting, thick, very long and dorsal, issuing from the emargination at the base of the shell. The head is rather thick, furnished with two conical, depressed tentacles supporting the eyes upon the outer side, (sometimes the eyes do not exist, but this case is extremely rare) . The mouth is provided with a retractile trunk, armed with minute teeth. The radula acts as a rasp. The sexes are separate. The love dart of the male is considerable, without an exterior furrow at its base. [3]

All animals are carnivores and scavengers, feeding on dead or damaged marine animals. They are provided with a cylindrical trunk, susceptible of being much elongated or of being concealed entirely within the body. This trunk is armed at its extremity with beaks, which enable the animal to pierce the shell of other mollusc and crustaceas, upon which it preys. [4]

The sexes are separate. The shells of the males are generally smaller, and less inflated than those of the females. The males are provided with a very large love dart, i.e. an exciting appendage, which, in a state of repose, is situated under the right edge of the mantle.

The eggs are generally united together. They are sometimes driven and transported by the waves to distances far removed from the places where they had been deposited; whence the same species of Buccinum are often found in very different climates.[3]

Distribution

The whelks are met with in all seas, especially upon rocks, where they occur in large numbers. The warmest climates furnish the species most brilliant in coloring. Some species serve for food to the inhabitants of many countries, particularly upon the shores of the English Channel and the North Sea. [3]

Species

Species in the genus Buccinum include:[5]

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Species brought into synonymy

This is a long list because, originally, all species resembling a Buccinum were categorized in this genus. Most of them have become synonyms in the course of time.

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Synonyms
  • Buccinum abbreviatum Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Demoulia abbreviata (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Buccinum achatinum Lamarck, 1816: synonym of Bullia digitalis (Dillwyn, 1817)
  • Buccinum acicula O. F. Müller, 1774: synonym of Cecilioides acicula (O. F. Müller, 1774)
  • Buccinum aciculatum Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Hastula solida (Deshayes, 1857)
  • Buccinum aciculatum Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Mazatlania cosentini (Philippi, 1836)
  • Buccinum acuminatum Menke, 1843: synonym of Mitrella menkeana (Reeve, 1858)
  • Buccinum acuminatum Broderip, 1830: synonym of Buccinum undatum Linnaeus, 1758
  • Buccinum acutecostatum Philippi, 1844: synonym of Amphissa acutecostata (Philippi, 1844)
  • Buccinum acute-costatum Philippi, 1844: synonym of Amphissa acutecostata (Philippi, 1844)
  • Buccinum adspersum Bruguière, 1789: synonym of Cominella adspersa (Bruguière, 1789)
  • Buccinum aethiops Reeve, 1847: synonym of Macron aethiops (Reeve, 1847)
  • Buccinum afrum Philippi, 1851: synonym of Nassarius coronulus (A. Adams, 1852)
  • Buccinum albescens Dunker, 1846: synonym of Nassarius albescens (Dunker, 1846)
  • Buccinum albozonatum Watson, 1886: synonym of Falsimohnia albozonata (Watson, 1886)
  • Buccinum aleuticum Dall, 1895 - Aleut whelk: synonym of Japelion aleuticus (Dall, 1895)
  • Buccinum alicei Dautzenberg & Fischer H., 1912: synonym of Buccinum nivale Friele, 1882
  • Buccinum allium Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of Tonna allium (Dillwyn, 1817)
  • † Buccinum altile Conrad, 1832: synonym of † Ptychosalpinx altilis (Conrad, 1832)
  • Buccinum amaliae Verkruzen, 1878: synonym of Buccinum undatum Linnaeus, 1758
  • Buccinum ambiguum Pulteney, 1799: synonym of Nassarius ambiguus (Pulteney, 1799): synonym of Nassarius antillarum (d'Orbigny, 1847): synonym of Phrontis antillara (d'Orbigny, 1847)
  • Buccinum ampullaceum Deshayes, 1844: synonym of Buccinanops globulosus (Kiener, 1834)
  • Buccinum ancillariaeforme Grateloup, 1834: synonym of † Cyllenina ancillariaeformis (Grateloup, 1834)
  • Buccinum anglicanum Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Burnupena papyracea (Bruguière, 1789)
  • Buccinum anglicum Röding, 1798: synonym of Nassarius reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Tritia reticulata (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Buccinum annulatum Lamarck, 1816: synonym of Bullia annulata (Lamarck, 1816)
  • Buccinum antillarum Philippi, 1849: synonym of Nassarius vibex (Say, 1822): synonym of Phrontis vibex (Say, 1822)
  • Buccinum aquilarum Watson, 1882: synonym of Gymnobela aquilarum (Watson, 1882)
  • Buccinum arcularia Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Nassarius arcularia (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Buccinum areolatum Link, 1807: synonym of Babylonia areolata (Link, 1807)
  • Buccinum armatum Wood, 1828: synonym of Mexacanthina lugubris (Sowerby, 1821)
  • Buccinum ascanias Bruguière, 1789: synonym of Nassarius incrassatus (Strøm, 1768): synonym of Tritia incrassata (Strøm, 1768)
  • Buccinum assimile Reeve, 1846: synonym of Pollia assimilis (Reeve, 1846)
  • Buccinum atractodeum Locard, 1887: synonym of Buccinum humphreysianum Bennett, 1824
  • Buccinum atrum Schrank, 1803: synonym of Stagnicola atra (Schrank, 1803)
  • Buccinum aurantium Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Anachis aurantia (Lamarck, 1822)
  • Buccinum australe Menke, 1843: synonym of Nassarius pauperatus (Lamarck, 1822)
  • Buccinum australe Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Phasianella australis (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Buccinum avellana Reeve, 1846: synonym of Cronia avellana (Reeve, 1846)
  • Buccinum avenacea Lesson, 1842: synonym of Cronia avenacea (Lesson, 1842)
  • Buccinum bellangeri Kiener, 1834: synonym of Bullia tranquebarica (Röding, 1798)
  • Buccinum bezoar Linnaeus, 1767: synonym of Rapana bezoar (Linnaeus, 1767)
  • Buccinum biarmatum Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of Casmaria ponderosa (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Buccinum bicostatum Bruguière, 1789: synonym of Haustrum lacunosum (Bruguière, 1789)
  • Buccinum bifasciatum Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of Impages hectica (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Hastula hectica (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Buccinum bimucronatum Reeve, 1846: synonym of Orania bimucronata (Reeve, 1846)
  • Buccinum boreale Broderip & Sowerby G.B. I, 1829: synonym of Buccinum ciliatum (Fabricius, 1780)
  • Buccinum boucheti Tiba, 1984: synonym of Buccinum kashimanum Okutani, 1964
  • Buccinum brasilianum Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Hinea brasiliana Lamarck, 1822
  • Buccinum brevidentatum Wood, 1828: synonym of Acanthais brevidentata (W. Wood, 1828)
  • Buccinum britanicum Röding, 1798: synonym of Burnupena papyracea (Bruguière, 1789)
  • Buccinum bromsi Hägg, 1904: synonym of Buccinum cyaneum Bruguière, 1792
  • Buccinum bronnii Philippi, 1849: synonym of Nassarius coronatus (Bruguière, 1789)
  • Buccinum brucei Melvill & Standen, 1900: synonym of Colus verkruezeni (Kobelt, 1876): synonym of Anomalisipho verkruezeni (Kobelt, 1876)
  • Buccinum brunneum Donovan, 1804: synonym of Chauvetia brunnea (Donovan, 1804)
  • Buccinum bulbosum Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of Rapana rapiformis (Born, 1778)
  • Buccinum burchardi Philippi, 1849: synonym of Nassarius burchardi (Philippi, 1849): synonym of Tritia burchardi (Philippi, 1849)
  • Buccinum calcar Bruguière, 1789: synonym of Acanthina monodon (Pallas, 1774)
  • Buccinum callosum W. Wood, 1828: synonym of Bullia callosa (W. Wood, 1828)
  • Buccinum calmeilii Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of Nassarius corniculum (Olivi, 1792): synonym of Tritia corniculum (Olivi, 1792)
  • Buccinum canaliculatum Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Nassarius siquijorensis (A. Adams, 1852)
  • Buccinum canariense d'Orbigny, 1840: synonym of Mitrella pallaryi (Dautzenberg, 1927)
  • Buccinum cancellarioides Reeve, 1847: synonym of Xymenopsis muriciformis (King, 1832)
  • Buccinum cancellatum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833: synonym of Phos textus (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Buccinum candidissimum C. B. Adams, 1845: synonym of Nassarius candidissimus (C. B. Adams, 1845): synonym of Phrontis candidissima (C. B. Adams, 1845)
  • Buccinum candidissimum Philippi, 1836: synonym of Chauvetia candidissima (Philippi, 1836)
  • Buccinum candidum Born, 1778: synonym of Terebra guttata (Röding, 1798)
  • Buccinum canetae Clench & Aguayo, 1944: synonym of Gaillea canetae (Clench & Aguayo, 1944)
  • Buccinum capense Dunker, 1846: synonym of Nassarius capensis (Dunker, 1846)
  • Buccinum carinatum Phipps, 1774: synonym of Buccinum glaciale Linnaeus, 1761
  • Buccinum cariniferum Küster, 1858: synonym of Pollia subcostata (Krauss, 1848)
  • Buccinum cassideum G.B. Sowerby I, 1825: synonym of Demoulia abbreviata (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Buccinum castaneum Dall, 1877: synonym of Volutopsion castaneum (Dall, 1877)
  • Buccinum catarrhacta Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Burnupena catarrhacta (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Buccinum caudatum Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Linatella caudata (Gmelin, 1791)
  • † Buccinum cautleyi d'Archiac & Haime, 1854: synonym of † Nassarius cautleyi (d'Archiac & Haime, 1854)
  • Buccinum cereale Krauss, 1848: synonym of Anachis kraussii (Sowerby I, 1844)
  • Buccinum charcoti Lamy, 1910: synonym of Harpovoluta charcoti (Lamy, 1910)
  • Buccinum chinense Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of Tonna chinensis (Dillwyn, 1817)
  • Buccinum chrysostomum Röding, 1798: synonym of Nassarius reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Tritia reticulata (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Buccinum cicatricosum Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Semicassis granulata (Born, 1778)
  • Buccinum cinctum Röding, 1798: synonym of Burnupena cincta cincta (Röding, 1798) represented as Burnupena cincta (Röding, 1798)
  • Buccinum cinereum Born, 1778: synonym of Impages cinerea (Born, 1778)
  • Buccinum cingulatum Lamarck, 1816: synonym of Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1767)
  • Buccinum cingulatum Linnaeus, 1771: synonym of Trochia cingulata (Linnaeus, 1771)
  • Buccinum elatior (Tryon, 1880): synonym of Buccinum scalariforme Møller, 1842
  • Buccinum cinis Reeve, 1846: synonym of Engina cinis (Reeve, 1846)
  • Buccinum citrinum Reeve, 1846: synonym of Buccinanops paytensis (Kiener, 1834)
  • † Buccinum clathratum Born, 1778: synonym of † Nassarius clathratus (Born, 1778)
  • Buccinum clathratum Wood, 1825: synonym of Nassarius conoidalis (Deshayes, 1832)
  • Buccinum clathratum Kiener, 1834: synonym of Nassarius globosus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)
  • Buccinum clathratum A. Adams & Reeve, 1850: synonym of Metula amosi Vanatta, 1913
  • Buccinum clausiliforme Kiener, 1834: synonym of Aesopus clausiliformis (Kiener, 1834)
  • Buccinum coccinella Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Nassarius incrassatus (Strøm, 1768): synonym of Tritia incrassata (Strøm, 1768)
  • Buccinum cochlidium auct.: synonym of Buccinanops gradatus (Deshayes, 1844): synonym of Buccinanops cochlidium (Dillwyn, 1817)
  • Buccinum cochlidium Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of Buccinanops cochlidium (Dillwyn, 1817)
  • Buccinum commaculatum Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Cinguloterebra commaculata (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Buccinum concholepas Bruguière, 1789: synonym of Concholepas concholepas (Bruguière, 1789)
  • Buccinum concinnum Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of Hastula strigilata (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Buccinum concinnum Tiba, 1980: synonym of Buccinum kashimanum Okutani, 1964
  • Buccinum concinnum C. B. Adams, 1845: synonym of Parvanachis obesa (C. B. Adams, 1845)
  • † Buccinum conglobatum Brocchi, 1814: synonym of †Demoulia conglobata (Brocchi, 1814)
  • Buccinum conoidale Deshayes, 1832: synonym of Nassarius conoidalis (Deshayes, 1832)
  • Buccinum conspersum Philippi, 1849: synonym of Nassarius conspersus (Philippi, 1849): synonym of Tritia conspersa (Philippi, 1849)
  • Buccinum contractum Reeve, 1846: synonym of Ergalatax contracta (Reeve, 1846)
  • Buccinum corniculatum Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Mitrella scripta (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Buccinum corniculum Olivi, 1792: synonym of Nassarius corniculum (Olivi, 1792): synonym of Tritia corniculum (Olivi, 1792)
  • Buccinum coromandelianum Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Gemophos auritulus (Link, 1807)
  • Buccinum coronatum Bruguière, 1789: synonym of Nassarius coronatus (Bruguière, 1789)
  • Buccinum coronatum Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Nassa serta (Bruguière, 1789)
  • Buccinum coronatum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833: synonym of Nassarius distortus (A. Adams, 1852)
  • Buccinum corrugatum Reeve, 1847: synonym of Amphissa columbiana Dall, 1916
  • † Buccinum corrugatum Brocchi, 1814: synonym of † Nassarius corrugatus (Brocchi, 1814)
  • Buccinum costatum Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Harpa costata (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • † Buccinum costellatum Grateloup, 1845: synonym of † Lyrofusus costellatus (Grateloup, 1845)
  • Buccinum costulatum Renieri, 1804: synonym of Nassarius cuvierii (Payraudeau, 1826): synonym of Tritia cuvierii (Payraudeau, 1826)
  • Buccinum crassiusculum Nyst, 1845: synonym of Nassarius crassiusculus (Nyst, 1845)
  • Buccinum crassum Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Pseudoliva crassa (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Buccinum crassum Philippi, 1849: synonym of Nassarius semisulcatus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1848)
  • Buccinum crenulatum Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of Oxymeris crenulata (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Buccinum cribrarium Lamarck, 1822: synonym of [[Mitrella ocellata]] (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Buccinum cruentatum Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Stramonita cruentata (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Buccinum cumingii Powys, 1835: synonym of Tritonoturris cumingii (Powys, 1835)
  • Buccinum cuvierii Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of Nassarius cuvierii (Payraudeau, 1826): synonym of Tritia cuvierii (Payraudeau, 1826)
  • † Buccinum dalei J. Sowerby, 1825: synonym of † Liomesus dalei (Sowerby, 1825)
  • Buccinum decussatum Linnaeus, 1758 : synonym of Phalium decussatum (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Buccinum decussatum Kiener, 1841 : synonym of Nassarius pagodus (Reeve, 1844) : synonym of Phrontis pagoda (Reeve, 1844)
  • Buccinum deforme King, 1832 : synonym of Buccinanops deformis (King, 1832)
  • Buccinum delalandii Kiener, 1834 : synonym of Burnupena catarrhacta (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Buccinum dentatum Wood, 1818 : synonym of Acanthina unicornis (Bruguière, 1789)
  • Buccinum dermestoideum Lamarck, 1822 : synonym of Pseudamycla dermestoidea (Lamarck, 1822)
  • Buccinum dermestoideum Lamarck, 1822 sensu Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of Nassarius corniculum (Olivi, 1792) : synonym of Tritia corniculum (Olivi, 1792)
  • Buccinum diadema Brocchi, 1814 † : synonym of Galeodea echinophora (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Buccinum digitale Dillwyn, 1817 : synonym of Bullia digitalis (Dillwyn, 1817)
  • Buccinum dimidiatum Linnaeus, 1758 : synonym of Oxymeris dimidiata (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Buccinum dirum Reeve, 1846 : synonym of Lirabuccinum dirum (Reeve, 1846)
  • Buccinum discors Risso, 1826 : synonym of Nassarius incrassatus (Strøm, 1768) : synonym of Tritia incrassata (Strøm, 1768)
  • Buccinum distortum W. Wood, 1828 : synonym of Triumphis distorta (Wood, 1828)
  • Buccinum dolium Linnaeus, 1758 : synonym of Tonna dolium (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Buccinum donovani Sars G.O., 1878 : synonym of Buccinum undatum Linnaeus, 1758
  • Buccinum donovani Gray J.E., 1839 : synonym of Buccinum glaciale Linnaeus, 1761
  • Buccinum dorbignyi Payraudeau, 1826 : synonym of Pollia dorbignyi (Payraudeau, 1826)
  • Buccinum dorsatum Röding, 1798 : synonym of Nassarius dorsatus (Röding, 1798)
  • Buccinum dunkeri Küster, 1858 : synonym of Burnupena catarrhacta (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Buccinum duplicatum Linnaeus, 1758 : synonym of Duplicaria duplicata (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Buccinum gouldii A.E. Verrill, 1882 synonym of Buccinum cyaneum Bruguière, 1792
  • Buccinum inclytum Pilsbry, 1904: synonym of Buccinum glaciale Linnaeus, 1761
  • Buccinum inexhaustum Verkruzen, 1878 : synonym of Buccinum finmarkianum Verkrüzen, 1875
  • Buccinum microconcha Habe & Ito, 1965 : synonym of Buccinum jeffreysii Smith, 1875
  • Buccinum midori Habe & ITO, 1965 synonym of Buccinum oedematum Dall, 1907
  • Buccinum moerchi Friele, 1877 synonym of Buccinum sericatum Hancock, 1846
  • Buccinum morchianum Dunker, 1858: synonym of Buccinum glaciale Linnaeus, 1761
  • Buccinum picturatum Dall, 1877 - painted whelk : synonym of Buccinum mirandum picturatum Dall, 1877
  • Buccinum pulchrum Reeve, 1846: synonym of Engina pulchra (Reeve, 1846)
  • Buccinum rubiginosum Reeve, 1846: synonym of Pollia rubiginosa (Reeve, 1846)
  • Buccinum sandersoni A.E. Verrill, 1882 : synonym of Buccinum fragile G. O. Sars, 1878
  • Buccinum sericatum Hancock, 1846 - silky whelk  : synonym of Buccinum ciliatum sericatum
  • Buccinum soyomaruae Okutani, 1977: synonym of Buccinum yoroianum Ozaki, 1958
  • Buccinum taphrium Dall, 1891 : synonym of Sulcosinus taphrium (Dall, 1891)
  • Buccinum tenebrosum Hancock, 1846 : synonym of Buccinum cyaneum Bruguière, 1792
  • Buccinum totteni Stimpson, 1865 - thin whelk, synonym of Buccinum polare Gray, 1839
  • Buccinum zebra Wood, 1828: synonym of Anachis miser (G. B. Sowerby I, 1844)

External links

References

  1. ↑ Linnaeus (1758). Systema Naturae, ed. 10, 734; 1767, ed. 12, 1196.
  2. ↑ Gofas, S.; Bouchet, P. (2014). Buccinum Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137701 on 2015-02-18
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kiener (1840). General species and iconography of recent shells : comprising the Massena Museum, the collection of Lamarck, the collection of the Museum of Natural History, and the recent discoveries of travellers; Boston :W.D. Ticknor,1837
  4. ↑ Macgillivray, William, History of the molluscous animals of Scotland, London, 1844
  5. ↑ Worldwide Malacological Catalog: Buccinidae
  6. ↑ Gastropods.com : Buccinum solenum; accessed : 18 June 2011
  7. ↑ Gastropods.com : Buccinum tsubai; accessed : 18 June 2011
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