PRDM9
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PR domain[note 1] zinc finger protein 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the Prdm9 gene.[1] The protein has histone H3K4 trimethyltransferase activity, a KRAB domain, and a DNA-binding domain consisting of multiple tandem C2H2 zinc finger (ZF) domains.[2] PRDM9 specifically trimethylates lysine 4 of histone H3 during meiotic prophase and is essential for proper meiotic progression, but does not have the ability to mono- and dimethylate lysine 4 of histone H3. H3K4 methylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation which plays a central role in the transcriptional activation of genes during early meiotic prophase.
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Function
PRDM9 is thought to mediate the process of meiotic homologous recombination.[3]
Recombination hotspots
In humans and mice, recombination occurs at elevated rates at particular sites along the chromosomes called recombination hotspots. Hotspots are regions of DNA about 1-2kb in length.[4] There are approximately 30,000 to 50,000 hotspots within the human genome corresponding to one for every 50-100kb DNA on average.[4] In humans, the average number of crossover recombination events per hotspot is one per 1,300 meioses, and the most extreme hotspot has a crossover frequency of one per 110 meioses.[4] These hotspots are predicted binding sites for PRDM9 protein.[5]
PRDM9 is a meiosis specific histone methyltransferase and, upon binding to DNA, it catalyzes trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4.[6] As a result, local nucleosomes are reorganized. This reorganization is apparently associated with increased probability of recombination.
Notes
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<references />, or <references group="..." />Further reading
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External links
- PRDM9 protein, human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- UCSC GenomeWiki - PRDM9: Meiosis and Recombination
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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