CD133

Prominin 1
Prominin 1
Identifiers
Symbols	PROM1 ; AC133; CD133; CORD12; MCDR2; MSTP061; PROML1; RP41; STGD4
External IDs	OMIM: 604365 MGI: 1100886 HomoloGene: 4390 GeneCards: PROM1 Gene
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• protein binding; • actinin binding; • cadherin binding;
Cellular component	• photoreceptor outer segment; • extracellular space; • endoplasmic reticulum; • endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment; • plasma membrane; • integral component of plasma membrane; • brush border; • cell surface; • apical plasma membrane; • microvillus membrane; • vesicle; • stereocilium; • photoreceptor outer segment membrane; • extracellular exosome;
Biological process	• retina layer formation; • photoreceptor cell maintenance; • retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye; • camera-type eye photoreceptor cell differentiation; • glomerular visceral epithelial cell differentiation; • glomerular parietal epithelial cell differentiation; • positive regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human
Entrez	8842
Ensembl	ENSG00000007062
UniProt	O43490
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001145847
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001139319
Location (UCSC)	Chr 4:; 15.96 – 16.08 Mb
PubMed search	[1]
	v; t; e;

CD133 antigen also known as prominin-1 is a glycoprotein that in humans is encoded by the PROM1 gene.^[1]^[2] It is a member of pentaspan transmembrane glycoproteins (5-transmembrane, 5-TM), which specifically localize to cellular protrusions. While the precise function of CD133 remains unknown, it has been proposed to act as an organizer of cell membrane topology.^[3]

Tissue distribution

CD133 is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells,^[4] endothelial progenitor cells,^[5] glioblastoma, neuronal and glial stem cells,^[6] various pediatric brain tumors,^[7] as well as adult kidney, mammary glands, trachea, salivary glands, placenta, digestive tract, testes, and some other cell types.^[8]^[9]

Clinical significance

A CD133⁺ cell population in brain tumors is thought to be a cancer stem cell (CSC) population, which is rare, undergoes self-renewal and differentiation, and can propagate tumors when injected into immune-compromised mice.^[7]^[10]^[11] However, subsequent studies have indicated the difficulty in isolating pure CSC populations.^[12] CD133⁺ melanoma cells are considered a subpopulation of CSC a critical role in recurrence. Moreover, CD133⁺ melanoma cells are immunogenic and can be used as an antimelanoma vaccination. In mice the vaccination with CD133⁺ melanoma cells mediated strong anti-tumor activity that resulted in the eradication of parental melanoma cells.^[13] In addition, it has also been shown that CD133⁺ melanoma cells preferentially express the RNA helicase DDX3X . As DDX3X also is an immunogenic protein, the same anti-melanoma vaccination strategy can be employed to give therapeutic antitumor immunity in mice.^[14]

References

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External links

GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Retinitis Pigmentosa Overview

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v t e Proteins: clusters of differentiation (see also list of human clusters of differentiation)
1-50	CD1 a-c 1A 1D 1E CD2 CD3 γ δ ε CD4 CD5 CD6 CD7 CD8 a CD9 CD10 CD11 a b c d CD13 CD14 CD15 CD16 A B CD18 CD19 CD20 CD21 CD22 CD23 CD24 CD25 CD26 CD27 CD28 CD29 CD30 CD31 CD32 A B CD33 CD34 CD35 CD36 CD37 CD38 CD39 CD40 CD41 CD42 a b c d CD43 CD44 CD45 CD46 CD47 CD48 CD49 a b c d e f CD50
51-100	CD51 CD52 CD53 CD54 CD55 CD56 CD57 CD58 CD59 CD61 CD62 E L P CD63 CD64 A B C CD66 a b c d e f CD68 CD69 CD70 CD71 CD72 CD73 CD74 CD78 CD79 a b CD80 CD81 CD82 CD83 CD84 CD85 a d e h j k CD86 CD87 CD88 CD89 CD90 CD91 - CD92 CD93 CD94 CD95 CD96 CD97 CD98 CD99 CD100
101-150	CD101 CD102 CD103 CD104 CD105 CD106 CD107 a b CD108 CD109 CD110 CD111 CD112 CD113 CD114 CD115 CD116 CD117 CD118 CD119 CD120 a b CD121 a b CD122 CD123 CD124 CD125 CD126 CD127 CD129 CD130 CD131 CD132 CD133 CD134 CD135 CD136 CD137 CD138 CD140b CD141 CD142 CD143 CD144 CD146 CD147 CD148 CD150
151-200	CD151 CD152 CD153 CD154 CD155 CD156 a b c CD157 CD158 (a d e i k) CD159 a c CD160 CD161 CD162 CD163 CD164 CD166 CD167 a b CD168 CD169 CD170 CD171 CD172 a b g CD174 CD177 CD178 CD179 a b CD180 CD181 CD182 CD183 CD184 CD185 CD186 CD191 CD192 CD193 CD194 CD195 CD196 CD197 CDw198 CDw199 CD200
201-250	CD201 CD202b CD204 CD205 CD206 CD207 CD208 CD209 CDw210 a b CD212 CD213a 1 2 CD217 CD218 (a b) CD220 CD221 CD222 CD223 CD224 CD225 CD226 CD227 CD228 CD229 CD230 CD233 CD234 CD235 a b CD236 CD238 CD239 CD240CE CD240D CD241 CD243 CD244 CD246 CD247 - CD248 CD249
251-300	CD252 CD253 CD254 CD256 CD257 CD258 CD261 CD262 CD263 CD264 CD265 CD266 CD267 CD268 CD269 CD271 CD272 CD273 CD274 CD275 CD276 CD278 CD279 CD280 CD281 CD282 CD283 CD284 CD286 CD288 CD289 CD290 CD292 CDw293 CD294 CD295 CD297 CD298 CD299
301-350	CD300A CD301 CD302 CD303 CD304 CD305 CD306 CD307 CD309 CD312 CD314 CD315 CD316 CD317 CD318 CD320 CD321 CD322 CD324 CD325 CD326 CD328 CD329 CD331 CD332 CD333 CD334 CD335 CD336 CD337 CD338 CD339 CD340 CD344 CD349 CD350

CD133

Contents

Tissue distribution

Clinical significance

See also

References

Further reading

External links

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