CD155

Poliovirus receptor
Poliovirus (in red and blue) bound to the poliovirus receptor CD155 (purple).
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1DGI, 1NN8, 3EPC, 3EPD, 3EPF, 3J8F, 3J9F, 3UDW, 3URO, 4FQP
Identifiers
Symbols	PVR ; CD155; HVED; NECL5; Necl-5; PVS; TAGE4
External IDs	OMIM: 173850 HomoloGene: 9672 GeneCards: PVR Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • receptor activity • receptor binding • protein binding • protein homodimerization activity • cell adhesion molecule binding Cellular component • extracellular space • cytoplasm • plasma membrane • integral component of plasma membrane • cell-cell adherens junction • focal adhesion • cell surface • integral component of membrane • extracellular exosome Biological process • positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target • homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules • heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules • cell recognition • viral process • cell junction assembly • adherens junction organization • susceptibility to natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity • cell-cell junction organization • positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity • regulation of immune response • susceptibility to T cell mediated cytotoxicity Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	5817	n/a
Ensembl	ENSG00000073008	n/a
UniProt	P15151	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001135768	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001129240	n/a
Location (UCSC)	Chr 19: 44.64 – 44.66 Mb	n/a
PubMed search	[1]	n/a

CD155 (cluster of differentiation 155) also known as the poliovirus receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PVR gene.

Function

CD155 is a Type I transmembrane glycoprotein in the immunoglobulin superfamily. Commonly known as Poliovirus Receptor (PVR) due to its involvement in the cellular poliovirus infection in primates, CD155's normal cellular function is in the establishment of intercellular adherens junctions between epithelial cells. The role of CD155 in the immune system is unclear, though it may be involved in intestinal humoral immune responses. Subsequent data has also suggested that CD155 may also be used to positively select MHC-independent T cells in the thymus.

The external domain mediates cell attachment to the extracellular matrix molecule vitronectin, while its intracellular domain interacts with the dynein light chain Tctex-1/DYNLT1. The gene is specific to the primate lineage, and serves as a cellular receptor for poliovirus in the first step of poliovirus replication.

Structure

CD155 is a transmembrane protein with 3 extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, D1-D3, where D1 is recognized by the virus.

Low resolution structures of CD155 complexed with poliovirus have been obtained using electron microscopy while a high resolution structures of the ectodomain D1 and D2 of CD155 were solved by x-ray crystallography.

See Also

• Vincent Racaniello, Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Columbia University’s College of Physicians and Surgeons responsible for initial identification of CD155 as the poliovirus receptor protein.

Further reading

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.